Cretaceous

Introduction – *Infraclass Metatheria includes pouched mammals andwas first proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley (1880) comprising 272 primitive mammals. *Metatherians are an…

Oil exploration began in the Subcontinent in 1866 with the drilling of the first well, Kundal-1 (Khisor Range, near oil seepage); in the region that now constitutes Pakistan. The first oil discovery was made in 1915 in Potwar, located in the Punjab Province, from Miocene / Eocene rocks; that field is still on production through artificial lift. Since 1915, Potwar remained the traditional ‘oil patch’ of the country till the oil was struck in 1981 at Khaskheli-1, drilled in Badin area of Sindh…

Jurassic Park is a franchise that has captivated audiences since its release by bringing them back to a time when dinosaurs roamed the earth. It has heavily influenced the public and their perception of dinosaurs. The series, however, is riddled with scientific inaccuracies, including the size, behavior, and feeding strategies of the dinosaurs. This research paper will focus on the 1993 film Jurassic Park and the portrayal of Brachiosaurus, Dilophosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex, and Velociraptor. It…

I. A Competitive Edge The best races have the best competitors, and angiosperms have certainly been described as having an extra edge. As discussed in the introduction, the fossil record shows that gymnosperms were quickly displaced by angiosperms upon their arrival. Yet despite the number of hypotheses (table 1) put forward to explain this shift in vegetation, gymnosperms’ competitors have not yet been discovered. Among the numerous hypotheses, three are discussed in depth here (summarised in…

widely used in the marine stratigraphic record. Multiple Deep Sea Drilling Projects (DSDPs) made the core samples available from Antarctic, Equatorial Pacific, and High Latitude North Pacific region. The earliest known fossil diatoms are from Lower Cretaceous in age, although fossil record is limited. Diatoms might have a much longer history, but because of their mineral instability under lithostatic pressure, well-preserved diatoms become rarer with older rock strata (Harwood and Nikolaev,…

This paper examples the formation of the Deccan traps, the Deccan continental flood basalt, and present day Indian. Its first provides a brief background on what the Deccan Traps are and the history of their geologic integrity. The proof is explained through scientists seismic tomographic models and the evolution of the Indian plate, the Reunion island hotspot, and the evolution of lithospheric mantle structure. Keywords: deccan, mantle, plate, hotspot, reunion, reconstructions.…

to undergo adaptive radiation following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. The Cretaceous/ Tertiary (K/T) boundary is associated with the mass extinction of dinosaurs, a geological event that dates back approximately 65 million years (Brisman et al. 2001). The extinction of dinosaurs is commonly attributed to a large bolide impacting the Earth and a massive series of volcanic eruptions at the end of the Cretaceous period (Brisman et al. 2001). Either of these proposed hypotheses could account…

extant of mammals and has many mammalian characteristics. Molecular data suggests that marsupials are an extant mammal clade from the mammal sub-class; Theria (Van Rheede et al, 2006). Marsupials belong to the Metatheria clade and emerged during the Cretaceous period. They dominate the mammalian wildlife in Australia and predominantly inhabit the southern hemisphere, apart from one species inhabiting North America. Marsupials have 280 extant species (No-wak 1991). They are separated into two…

Field Trip Report: Great Valley Sequence and Coast Range Ophiolite The Moreno Formation in the Great Valley Sequence (GVS) is consisting of interbedded sandstones and organic-rich black shales, which were deposited during Upper Cretaceous (74-80 Ma) in near shore and shallow marine environment according to the fossils found. The sandstone in this outcrop is medium-sorted, angular to sub-angular arkosic arenite, with minerals such as quartz, plagioclase, muscovite and altered biotite. 1/4 of the…

Patrick Cardozo Dr Jeffrey Martz Geo 1306 3/24/2017 Second research paper analysis; Evolutionary trends in Triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana The authors were interested in knowing the actual evolutionary trends in the triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana; Some previous Palaeontologists have recognised two Triceratops species, Triceratops horridus and Triceratops prorsus, due to the fact that the length and shape of the horns and the size and structure of the…