Creatinine

•Respiratory distress syndrome is a condition where fluid collects in the lungs air sacs, preventing the flow of oxygen to the organs. •Some common causes of respiratory distress syndrome are: inhaling of a toxic substance, things such as, salt water, smoke, chemicals, developing a blood infection and developing of a lung infection like pneumonia. Risk factors for this condition include: a sibling that had respiratory distress syndrome, mother that had diabetes, c-section or labor delivery…

chemical imbalance known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DIABETES.ORG). DKA causes osmotic diuresis which results in urinary losses of water and electrolytes (sodium and potassium). Potassium levels are initially elevated, however with insulin therapy, potassium shifts into cells and causes hypokalemia (ATI BOOK). Certain stressors and drugs can cause DKA include: acute infection, trauma, pancreatitis, stroke, corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and sympathomimetic. Signs and symptoms of DKA…

breath odor, fatigue, edema, bruising, mental status changes, and decreased appetite and sensation. Physical signals include edema and crackling in the lungs. Labs tests for diagnosis include BUN, serum potassium, sodium, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis and creatinine clearance. An ultrasound is the preferred method to diagnose acute kidney injury. Treatment involves diet restrictions of high in carbohydrates and low in protein, salt, and potassium and fluid restrictions,…

performing the following function- * Filtration - The kidneys remove the end products of metabolism and substances that have accumulated in the blood in undesirable amounts during the filtration process. Substances removed from the blood include urea, creatinine, uric acid and urates. Undesirable amounts of chloride, potassium, sodium, and hydrogen ions are also filtered from the blood. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is amount of the fluid filtered each minute by all the glomerular of both…

Hi Katrina, I enjoyed reading your poster presentation on gout and you have well described the symptoms and pathophysiology. I did not know much about this topic and very interested to know that gout is a form of arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in and around a joints(Vannuchi 2012). Clinically significant hyperuricemia is serum urate level > 6.8 mg/dL (404 mcmol/L) due to likelihood of urate crystal deposition when urate concentrations > 6.8…

Kidney: Major Functions ✓ C-ontrols electrolyte and fluid balance ✓ R-egulates homeostasis of blood and acid-base balance ✓ R-egulates RBC production ✓ E-liminates end products of metabolism, ✓ S-ecretes renin, parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D [pic] The Kidney: Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta • Renal vein- drains into the inferior…

The need to enhance the drugs’ bioavailability, solubility, stability as well as the duration for the drugs to release their therapeutic effects in human body is recognised by the scientists nowadays. Recently, there are lots of research studies focusing on this area. However, only a few standard routes of edaravone administration are already being discussed. This review thus focuses mainly on the design, optimisation and formulation of microsponge to enhance the significance of edaravone acting…

REASON CHIEF COMPLAINT: Heart failure. Coronary artery disease. Atrial flutter. BLANKLINE This patient had an acute MI _____ and underwent three vessel coronary artery bypass grafting at that time. He states he had a cardiac catheterization elsewhere about four years ago and they did not perform any intervention at that time. He has had a transthoracic echocardiography and stress nuclear imaging test that has shown EF of 40%. His last nuclear imaging test showed only mild inferior…

Hypertension is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy ranging from 12% to 22%, and is directly responsible for 17.6% of maternal deaths in the United States (Davidson, 2012, p. 461). Hypertension in pregnancy is classified into four groups: preeclampsia-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed eclampsia, and gestational hypertension. The most common type of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a syndrome that affects…

Duchene Muscular Dystrophy is an inherited neuromuscular disorder of childhood which primarily affects boys characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to a mutation in the dystrophin gene of X chromosome. Degeneration of muscles usually begins to appear in the lower half of the body then spreading into upper limbs and eventually leading to death. Between 1830 and 1850 scientists reported on an illness where boys grew gradually weaker, lost the ability to walk and died at an…