Creatinine

efficiency, 9-33%. Acyclovir is metabolized to multiple metabolites, the major one being 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine. It has a half-life of 2.5 hours and so in that time, half of the given concentration will have been eliminated. Acyclovir has a creatinine clearance test value of greater than 80 mL/min. there are some adverse reactions to be aware of when administering Acyclovir as it can cause increased risk of renal tubular damage and renal failure if given intravenously for over an hour. If…

C.M an 85 year old male came to the hospital presenting with short of breath, cough, increased respiratory effort, and wheezing. He was diagnosed with Pneumonia. C.M is a former smoker. He smoked a half a pack of cigarettes for 25 years. When smoking, the toxins breathed in irritate the respiratory system causing inflammation. Smoking for 25 years probably contributed to chronic bronchitis. C.M had a cough. The cough could have been from the chronic bronchitis. The bronchial mucus gland…

is in-between 55% to 65% of ventricular volume. A chest x-ray and a 12-lead electrocardiogram will be needed to assess any fluid in the lungs and the condition and rhythm of the heart (Hinkle and Cheever, 2015). Important lab work includes; BUN, creatinine, liver function tests, thyroid stimulating hormone, complete blood count, urinalysis, and BNP. High levels of BNP indicate high cardiac filling pressure which if the key factor in diagnosing HF. Physicians may also want patients to cardiac…

Savaysa® (Edoxaban) New Drug Evaluation Manufacturer: Daiichi Sankyo Drug Class: Anticoagulant (Factor Xa Inhibitor) Pharmacology: Edoxaban is a selective inhibitor of factor Xa, which inhibits prothrombinase activity to result in prevention of the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, inhibition of subsequent thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and suppression of resultant thrombus formation. Pharmacokinetics: Edoxaban has a half-life of 10 to 14 hours, a time to peak of 1 to 2 hours, a…

Meeting the manufacturing requirements is imperative to the success and profitability of a company. One of the most notable differences with a drug production is the amount of time needed to produce the drug, as described below with Intercept’s newest FDA approved medication, Ocaliva. Cycle time is the time starting when an operation begins to the point of time when the operation ends (Eshna, 2017). Takt time is the maximum acceptable time to meet the demands of the customer, or the speed with…

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is often a feared complication of overly aggressive correction of hyponatremia (defined as < 135 mEq/L).1 Current guidelines1,2,3 dictate a slow correction of sodium, generally not exceeding 8-10 mEq/24 hrs to prevent CPM.1 CPM is a non-inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by the loss of myelin in the base of the pons and carries a poor prognosis, often times resulting in death. We present a case in which an elderly gentleman was admitted for…

confirmed by physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests (blood analysis; hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, platelet, albumin, total cholesterol and triglyceride, hepatic function test; ALP, ALT and AST, and renal function test; BUN, creatinine, and CrCl). The volunteers were selected if there was no possibility of their being sensitive to this medication and had no history of illness of the hepatic, renal or cardiovascular systems, or no history of excessive alcohol intake or…

while resting and 24RR while ambulating, a heart rate of 89 and an oxygen saturation rate of 93% on room air. His current random blood glucose level is 10.5 mmol/L, potassium is 3.8mmol/L, sodium is 142 mmol/L, albumin 30g/L, hemoglobin 129 g/L, creatinine is 62 umol/L and blood urea nitrogen is 4.6 mmol/L. His current medications include Amlodipine 10mg PO daily, Insulin regular [humulin R] q6h SC as per sliding scale, Metformin 1000mg PO BID, Budesonide-formotemol 200mcg–600mcg dose inhaler…

Cirrhosis: A Scarring Disease of the Liver Cirrhosis is a progressive disease, it gradually develops over numerous years, in anticipation of stopping liver function. Muir’s (2015) stated “Cirrhosis is a form of chronic liver disease (CLD) resulting from sustained liver damage from several causes, including viral infection, autoimmune disorders, cholesteric and metabolic disease (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases [NAFLD]), or heavy alcohol use” (p. 1822). The liver is the largest solid…

orthostatic blood pressure and oxygen saturation, because patient 02 saturation is low and blood pressure is low too. Patient weight should be monitored daily because of history of chronic heart failure and water retention. Also electrolyte level, serum creatinine…