Cranial nerves

are first-order neurons, they do not leave the central nervous system. The pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts consist of UMNs. Since UMN do not leave the neuraxis they have to synapse with LMN to carry messages to the muscles. LMN is spinal and cranial nerves. The cell bodies of LMN are located in the brainstem but their axons are able to leave the CNS and synapse with the muscles of the body. During speech, muscles receive impute from both pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems.…

Introduction (Criteria 1 & 2) Bell's Palsy is a temporary drooping of the face owing to an injury to the nerves. The affected facial nerve is also referred to as the seventh cranial nerve because it is transmitted through the Fallopian canal. Although it is usually worrying, most people often recover from Bell's Palsy. Nonetheless, patients find themselves unable to control their muscles on the face. The affected side of the face starts to droop, and it can sometimes impede the production of…

consists of 22 bones which are connected by sutures; eight cranial bones and 14 facial bones. Cranial bones enclose the brain and compose the cranium, a rigid structure with a foramen…

between two types of deafness. There are two main types of deafness which are conductive deafness and nerve deafness. There is deafness in which you are born in (can be born in through disease), congenital deafness; and deafness which occurs later in life, adventitious deafness, usually caused by loud noises. The paper explores the Sensorial hearing loss, which is damage through the inner ear or to the nerves that send sound to the brain, which can cause permanent loss of hearing. Infectious…

Understanding the Brain Sometimes you have to tell yourself, “I am a shark” and attack the day - Coach Campaign Understanding the brain is something that many people might find quite complex, especially if you are comparing it to a sea animal. However, they are not as complex as we think, for example, sharks and humans share the same characteristics and structures of the brain. Both species have a cerebrum located superiorly to the body along…

Lesson # 10 Written Examination: Neurological System History/Subjective Data: S.V. is 54 years old white Caucasian male, with Bosnian ethnicity, having Bosnian as his first language, married for 28 years to his wife, having Islam as his religious background without practicing it, and having deep belief in helping others in need. He believes that if he helps others in need, God will grant him the good health. He denied having any religious or cultural beliefs that might affect his healthcare.…

My eighty-four-year-old neighbor, Colette, has come to me to talk about how she is having eye complications after a recent fall to the head. After reviewing the symptoms, I think Colette has damaged her oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve IV. Furthermore, the inferior rectus is in charge of depressing, adducting, and laterally rotating the eye (Schuenke, Schulte, & Schumacher 2016). Similarly, the inferior rectus muscle positions the eye infraversion, dextrodepression, levodepression,…

Introduction Also known as the second cranial nerve, or CN II, the optic nerve is the second of twelve cranial nerves. Although located at the back of the eye, the optic nerve is considered a part of the central nervous system due to its role in visual integration and function. The optic nerve transfers visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses. Made of about 1.7 million retinal ganglion cell axons, or nerve cells, the optic nerve encompasses…

signs of neurologic changes. The cranial nerve assessment includes assessing cranial nerve from 1 through X11, which have sensory, motor either somatic or parasympathetic, or have a mixed function. Olfactory Nerve (CN I)- the olfactory nerve serves the sense of olfaction or smell, Test is done with the use of non-noxious aromatic substances and check if able to smell and identify and mark if any abnormality noted. Optic Nerve (CN II): This is a purely sensory nerve, test each eye for visual…

coordination of the lips and palate. This indicates that Susan is likely experiencing mixed spastic-ataxic dysarthria due to lesions on the upper motor neurone pathway (Wilkinson and Lennox 2005) in the corticobulbar tract which innervates the cranial nerves and the cerebellum (Bethoux et al 2013). Lesions on the upper motor neurone pathway/ corticobulbar tract would typically cause the spastic symptoms that the client is showing e.g. slower rate of speech, increased muscle tone and imprecise…