Covariance and correlation

Many herbicides and pesticides are thought to be involved in teratogenic, or embryonic development disturbing, mechanisms. Therefore it is important to study the effects of these chemicals on humans and wildlife in the event of contact or contamination. Case-Control Study of Maternal Residential Atrazine Exposure and Male Genital Malformations by Agopian in 2012 is one study that examines an herbicide, atrazine, in relation to birth defects of male genital development. Atrazine is one of the…

sample size. With a larger sample size, it is possible that the HAI would have a more significant effect on mood. According to a literature review completed in 2001 by Allen, Shykoff, and Izzo, previous research suggests that HAI has a positive correlation on an individual’s mood state. However, there are no findings on direct effects on mood. Rather, other factors such as stress reduction, increased happiness and decreased aggression may cause an increase in an individual’s mood (Allen, Shykoff…

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to see if there is a link between the birth weight and gestation of newborn babies with smoking mothers and non- smoking mothers. The significance of this investigation is to find a relationship between the two as it might help with health benefits. The features in the investigation are the relationship between the two sets of data between the birth weight and the gestation period of smoking mothers and non-smoking mothers. Part A: The median for the…

relationships between concepts: This study provided analysis of teachers reporting of innovative or traditional strategy use and the students perceptions of the objectives taught. There was a disparity in many of the objectives: Significance of correlations: 16 of 26 strategies were significant Innovative verse traditional strategies: 12 innovative strategies were identified by teachers however, six were not perceived by students. 14 traditional strategies were identified by teachers and 10…

4.0 Analysis & Discussion 4.1 Reliability & Validity: Case Processing Summary N % Cases Valid 18 94.7 Excluded 1 5.3 Total 19 100.0 a. List wise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Reliability Statistics Cronbach 's Alpha N of Items .887 34 The questionnaire was adapted from previously done research work of Pappu et al. (2011), therefore, the questionnaire was considered rational and valid. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked by conducting a pilot test. The…

Collegiate Hockey Players Variable N M SD df r Achievement Motivation 100 26.28 5.72 98 -0.09 Vs. Aggression 11.15 2.58 rtab (98) = 0.19 It is apparent from the table 1 that obtained value of correlation coefficient (-0.09) is less than the tabulated value of correlation coefficient (0.19). It means there is no significant relationship found between achievement motivation and aggression [rtab (98) = 0.19, p > .05]. of inter-collegiate level hockey players. Table 2:…

hypothesized that the severity of the 2012 outbreak of WNV was due to the several outbreak states having the “highest average annual temperature and one of the lowest annual precipitations...in over 100 years” (23, 36). It was also clear that there was a correlation between the epicenters and areas with unusual winter weather phenomenons– namely, warmer than normal December and January months and low precipitation in January (36, 46). According to a study done by Wimberly et al., “warmer…

According to the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee as of 2012, only 14 percent of engineers of women (Casey) but yet women in America as of 2016 are 50.6 percent of the united states population (Countrymeters). Ideally in every field the male to female ratio should represent the population of the area but yet there is a 36.6 percent difference between the ratios of women in the population and women in engineering. That means there should be about 732,000 more women in engineering (NSPE).…

of institution, but more so in a correctional setting, studies have concentrated on attitudes of their staff that focus on job stress, job satisfaction, and commitment. Specifically, Paoline and Lambert wanted to determine if there was a direct correlation between the occupational attitudes and key variables of demographics, job and organizational characteristics. For the purpose of this study, I find it imperative to state that this study is one of the first one’s of its kind to measure the…

Edwin Arlington Robinson’s poem, “Richard Cory,” is brimming with irony. The brilliant use of situational irony takes the seemingly perfect life of Richard Cory and surprises us all once we reach the last line of Robinson’s poem. In fact, this poem seems eerily similar to Robin Williams’ situation. Richard Cory and Robin Williams both appeared to have their lives together; both rich, always smiling and making other happy, and were both held to higher standards. However, much like Richard Cory,…