Council of Trent

Christopher Columbus : On October 12, 1492, Captain Christopher Columbus claimed a tiny island in the Bahamas (less than 400 miles from North America mainland) for the king and queen of Spain. Columbus’s landing facilitated the mutual discovery by two peoples of one another. The moment of Columbus's landing, the Americas became the stage for a variety of encounters of Native American, European, and African peoples in the new Atlantic world. (pg 25) Atlantic world : The meeting of the Spaniards…

Prior to the European age of exploration and conquest, the continent underwent many changes that lead to the desire and capability to begin exploration. The continent suffered a dark age of little innovation and great illness during the Middle Ages with the Black Death killing millions and spreading rapidly, and the Hundred Years’ War rampaging the continent increasing violence. By the 1350s, however, a new age of enlightenment descended upon the continent. The Renaissance spurred a new sense…

The Jesuits in Japan: An Attempt at Christian Conversion During the sixteenth century, an order of Roman Catholic religious men called the Jesuits attempted to convert the country of Japan to Christianity. Their efforts to accomplish this goal were first sparked by the Age of Discovery, followed by the Counter-Reformation of 1545, and then by Francis Xavier’s meeting with an exiled samurai from Japan. The Jesuit mission began with Francis Xavier’s entrance to Japan in 1549 and saw two more…

Hans Urs von Balthasar was a Swiss theologian born in Lucerne to a well-established family. Von Balthasar joined the Society of Jesus in 1929 upon the completion of his dissertation. At the leading of Henri de Lubac, von Balthasar studied Origen, Gregory of Nyssa, and Maximus the Confessor where he discovered a hope for the salvation of the world. During his time as a chaplain in Basle, von Balthasar met the protestant theologian Karl Barth, who would go on to become close friend and major…

Protestant Reformation occurred during conflict between nation-states in Europe •First in imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland •Deep social and political divisions •Certain groups favored the reformation - like printers who were literate POPULAR RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND CRITICISM OF THE CHURCH •The reformation could not have happened without the numerous conflicts that had risen within the church during the Renaissance. •Diet of Worms (Germany) presented the emperor with 102 oppressive…

Music is always in a constant cycle of change. Over 2000 years, the traditional customs of Western music was no different. Due to the social and religious developments that took place in Europe during these periods of time, concepts such as notes, scales, intervals, ideas all told stories about the character and lives of people through music. Music is a form that is defined as an expression of emotion through sound. To history, music is more than that. Utilizing what we know, recognizing…

This theory emphasizes daily exchanges between individuals so as to develop an understanding of basic human interactions via three core principles: meaning, language and thought. One’s identity of self is derived from how they perceive things, how they speak in relation to others and what is meaningful. Interpreting a situation, understanding verbal and nonverbal communication as to how it relates to one’s self and someone/thing else is the underlying concept of understanding this theory. The…