Council of the European Union

elements are also protected, such as fundamental human rights. He also believed there must be compliance by the state towards its international legal obligations. Due to the United Kingdoms’ dualist nature, the Human Rights Act is derived from the European Convention of Human Rights. When looking at the Human Rights Act, the initial section 3(1) may raise the possibility that parliamentary sovereignty is limited as it requires courts to give effect to ‘primary and subordinate…

during the Cold War, this threat was the rising power of the Soviet Union. The Alliances creation was part of a broader effort to serve three purposes: deterring soviet expansionism, forbidding the revival of nationalist militarism in Europe through a strong North American presence on the continent, and encouraging European political integration (Nato.int). In the first part of the paper, the…

force – which is in this case the European Union. So now that the British Public have voted to leave the Union, where does the power sit? As of this moment, the UK has not invoked Article 50 – and is therefore still in the EU and, legally, in the same position that it was in before the referendum. And, most importantly in reference to UK Sovereignty, the 1972 European Communities Act, passed in the Commons, still applies. This…

In 2004 the European Union first established a European Agency for the management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union ‘Frontex’ . Frontex was created by the Council regulation (EC) 2007/2004 and was adopted on 26 October 2004 and started its operation on 1 May 2005. It is recognised as the European Union border control agency. Frontex was established to facilitate measures relating to the management of EU member States external borders,…

not refer in one single text, such as Germany or USA, but large parts are written down with much of it in the laws passed in parliament, these are called constitutional statue. According to Lord Justice Laws in the case Thoburn v Sunderland City Council this is an act witch either the conditions the legal relationship between the individual and the state in some way or enlarges or diminishes the scope of fundamental constitutional rights. Examples of constitutional statue are; Magna Carta 1297…

Independent tests done by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) confirmed that a selection of VW vehicles were emitting up to 40 times more nitrogen oxides (NOx) in real-world driving than what was legally allowed. The revelation that the VW Group had installed software to falsify emission test results undermined the trust in the entire automobile industry. It resulted in stringent audits conducted by the United States, the European Union and other national governments which…

influenced by regional institutions more than national alliances and entities. This paper will argue that to a large extent the world is transitioning from a nation based world to a regional world using three examples: Catalonia, the Arctic and the European Union. Regionalism consists of the idea that politics are conceived in regional rather than national terms. Catalonia is an example of growing regionalism as a sub-state region in Spain. Catalonia is…

This international treaty was drafted and formed by the Council of Europe, and was incorporated into UK law through the Humans Rights Act (1998). Article 10 of this convention provides individuals with a right to freedom of expression, which may be limited as prescribed by law, where it would be “necessary in…

the British people voted by referendum to join the European Economic Community. But that wasn’t too fair a referendum now, was it? You see, the British people only gave input to join an economic community which has since transformed to the European Community, and now the European Union without the consent of the British people. Since our admittance to the EU, our right to self-govern has slowly dwindled away. Right now, for example, the European Union makes 75% of our laws. They tell us who we…

order to determine whether the United Kingdom should stay as part of the European Union (the EU) or leave the international organisation. The United Kingdom and the EU have an interesting history with many disagreements over institutions. This then caused a national identity crisis as to whether the United Kingdom wants to class itself as being ‘European’. This is relevant to the main argument for exiting the European Union (an event called ‘Brexit’) in the idea that the United Kingdom would be…