Council of Jerusalem

Constantine's affection for sun worship led him to endorse Sunday, the first day of the week and a day dedicated to honoring the sun, as a weekly day of rest in the Roman Empire which continues today as we worship in Christian communities on Sunday. At the Council of Nicea (A.D. 325), called by Constantine, church authorities were directed to settle the issues behind the Arian controversy which resulted in the basis for the Nicene Creed and the doctrine of the Trinity. Overtime the marriage of…

Andrew Walls, former missionary and lecturer was the founder of the Centre for the Study of Christianity in the Non- Western World (University of Edinburgh). He also was the founding editor of the Journal of Religion in Africa. Walls was one of the first people to document a southward gravitational shift of the Christian Church. He first wrote about it in his essay “The Gospel as Prisoner and Liberator of Culture” which was published in 1982 The aim of this paper is to assess and critique Walls’…

Crusades Paper After the Byzantine Emperor, Alexius’, cry for help in regaining control of Jerusalem, the Holy Land, Pope Urban II gave a riveting speech at the Council of Clermont to the people of France. He spoke of a land that was taken from the Christians violently and of infidels destroying their holy city. He described many atrocities Muslims committed against Christians. The Muslims victimized both people of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Byzantines, and people of the west, the…

Joel and I remember taking or children apple picking in the Fall - - and it was so much fun. It led to stay at home time to make pies and applesauce and more. However, apple picking with our grandchildren brought the experience to a new level as we expanded the circle of “pickers” that included our grandchildren, Amanda and Jake, our son Marc, daughter-in-law Paige and her parents Barbara and Myron. It was an afternoon of laughing and sharing - - I highly recommend it. And… Paige gave me a…

were fought between the Christian armies of the Europe and the Muslim armies of the Middle East. The reasons for why the Crusades took place stem from many different motives such as to gain control over several important holy areas such as the city Jerusalem in order to protect Christian pilgrims, to military and territorial expansion,…

organized the first Council of Nicene. This council is responsible for all the books of the bible coming (canonized) together under one umbrella. This council was called together to keep the church united in the doctrine of the Trinity. The council concluded that the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirt are one and the same. I’m glad that God called Constantine to be the one that call this council together to clear up what would have been a fight for future generations. The Nicene Council turned…

primary reasons for the proclaiming of the Crusades was to cut down the power of the Seljuks, who were a threat to the Byzantine Empire, and also the safety of Christians on all areas that they conquered, which included the holy city of Jerusalem. At the Council of Clermont the Pope said of the Turks: “They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire. If you permit them to continue thus for awhile with impurity, the faithful of God will be much more…

conflict between the two sides. Because of this the Israeli-Palestinian conflict intensified in the 1940s and has expanded with much violence on both sides in the 2000s. On May 14, 1948 the British withdrew from Palestine and the Jewish National Council proclaimed Israel as a state. With the departure of the British it was decided that Palestine would be divided in half. The Arab nations rejected the partition of Palestine and decided to invade the state of Israel. Essentially there has…

1.) Idealistic and spiritual motives were in fact at work. Doing penance for one's sins was a powerful spiritual factor. An especially powerful motive was the religious aura of Jerusalem, which had been a popular pilgrimage site for Christians. The popes of the Gregorian Reform delegated shedding blood to the laity. The Crusades were military expeditions launched against unbelieving Muslims and heretics. 2.) Pope Innocent III believed he could intervene in political affairs when moral or…

I am utterly outraged by the outcome of our meeting. The day before the last, a council met to discuss the future of the crusades. The council, composed of King Louis VII of France, Queen Melisende of Jerusalem, her son Baldwin III, Emperor Conrad III of Germany, my self, and others, met to decide whether or not to begin a second crusade, and if so, who should lead it, and what city should it target. I, being a sensible and wise religious figure, took the stance that the crusade should continue,…