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Chocolate and Human Trafficking The average American consumes over eleven pounds of chocolate every single year, the equivalent of around 120 chocolate bars, amounting to around thirteen billion dollars of chocolate. (Huffington Post, 2013) This leads to the question of where does all of this chocolate come from? Seventy percent comes from forced child labor, otherwise known as human trafficking. The Polaris Project, a nonprofit working to combat the trafficking of humans, defines labor…

Introduction “From humble to hero” this is this title to the history section of The Hershey’s Company website. It is used to describe both the company, and its founder, Milton S. Hershey. This is primarily because prior to Milton’s discovery and fascination of chocolate, he had tried and failed to start two other candy companies. Thankfully, he didn’t give up though, and the Hershey’s Company was officially founded in 1894 in what is today Hershey’s Pennsylvania (The Hershey Company, n.d…

Africa is typically thought of as being a continent full of violence and revolution. This concept may have originated from the poor treatment of Africans by the rest of the world through colonization, forced labor in Africa, and the enslaving of Africans in other regions of the world. The danger and violence that stemmed from many countries gaining independence and experiencing political upheaval has been thwarted by peacekeeping efforts from outside agencies, like the United Nations. Africa…

Purpose – Design/Methodology/approach – Drawing on multiple case study approach, this study explores specifically four Nigerian firms from different sector to provide insight into the motivation of location path of Nigerian firms’ internationalisation process Paper type: Research Originality/Value Keywords: Internationalisation, Nigerian firms, multinational firms, internationalisation process, motivations and path Paper type Literature Review/Research paper 1. Introduction The study…

Introduction and Background In 1988, the forty-first World Health Assembly passed a historic resolution pledging to make the world polio-free. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) headed by national governments, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), UNICEF, Rotary International and WHO was launched as a consequence. The initiative is supported by key partners including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation1. The GPEI target was to eradicate polio from the world by year…

Presence of carnivores helps to maintain the integrity of ecosystems throughout the world (Soulè and Terborgh, 1999). Many carnivores are capable of altering trophic structure and biodiversity through a process known as top-down control (Elmhagen and Rushton, 2007). Through this, carnivores are able to prevent the overabundance of herbivores. If uncontrolled, an explosion in herbivore population density would increase the grazing pressure that would ultimately threat the survival of the…

 What are the internationalisation patterns of outcome of SSA firm’s internationalisation? 2. Theoretical Perspectives The theories and study of multinational corporations (MNCs) evolution and internationalisation have been a prominent aspect of the international business (IB) literature for decades. To some scholars, internationalisation is the approach or steps which an organisations’ takes to engage in business activities abroad in order to build required resources and become major…

Ebola Zaire in non-human primates: a threat to biodiversity conservation To most of the world, Ebola Zaire haemorrhagic fever, also simply known as ‘the Ebola virus’ (EBOV) (Hayden, 2014), was relatively unknown until early 2014 when an outbreak in West Africa seemingly appeared out of nowhere. Yet outbreaks have been reported in primates, both human and non-human, since its discovery in 1976 (P. Ascenzi et al. 2008), and the outbreaks seem to be increasing in frequency. Several studies leave us…

Essay: With 7.2 million tons of chocolate consumed in 2009 alone, and an estimated total of 100 billion dollars generated by the chocolate industry, chocolate is one of the most popular, and one of the most profitable, food products in the world. However, the chocolate industry is one of the most unequal industries in the world, with a long history of slavery, extortion, and inequality. Firstly, how is chocolate made? The production of cocoa dates back to 1100 BC, when the Aztecs cultivated…

1. Introduction The study of the internationalisation process of emerging market multinationals (EMNCs) has gained prominence in the last two decades, this is as a result of the economic growth and transformation witnessed among the emerging markets (EM) in the period. The internationalisation phenomena have resulted in a surge of interest from international business (IB) scholars (Athreye & Kapur, 2009; Hoskisson, Eden, Lau, & Wright, 2000; Hoskisson, Wright, Filatotchev, & Peng, 2013;…