Cosmological constant

In this essay I will be explicating a handful of philosophical theories to determine which one is best. I will analyze the controversies and counter arguments of each theory starting with Pascal’s Wager, followed by the Cosmological Argument, and finally the Argument from Evil. Pascal’s Wager, the belief that people must choose whether or not to bet on God’s existence, is the most sound argument making it superior to the others. Pascal’s Wager begins by examining nature. He argues that “We…

Lucas Shaw Short paper #1 Philosophy, Topic #2 Cosmological argument for the existence of God. Cosmological argument: An argument (or set of arguments) that undertakes to “prove” that God exists on the basis of the idea that there must have been a first cause or an ultimate reason for the existence of the universe (Introducing Philosophy, pg 661). This is the definition of this argument according to this particular book. In other words, the cosmological argument is a philosophical argument,…

The cosmological argument takes the presence of the universe to involve the presence of a being that made it. It is an argument that begins from the presence of the universe, and from endeavors to demonstrate the presence of God. This argument draws on involvement from the material world. It is crucial to know that the most this contention can plan to demonstrate is that there exists a vital being who caused everything in the universe. Nagel’s summary of this argument is as follows: (P1) Every…

and the universe is the “handiwork of an omnipotent, all-perfect being” (McCloskey 1968). This universe could have been made by the big band theory but it could have just had a big boom and just fell into place but we will never really know. The Cosmological Argument is trying to prove that it is not trying to simply say that the universe does not exist to someone and it had to be here from the very beginning. It’s my opinion the first-cause is the best approach because “they attempt to…

divided numerous philosophers throughout history. In this essay, I will critically evaluate Richard Swinburne’s cosmological argument which can be found in this book is there a god? Richard Swinburne states that his book is trying “To reach a conclusion about whether, on balance the arguments indicate that there is a God or that there is not." Richard Swinburne attempts to convey his cosmological argument by attempting to explain how we explain things. Swinburne states that “we can find two…

In 1968 a philosopher named H.J. McCloskey wrote an article titled “On Being an Atheist,” which attacked the main arguments held by theists. The main arguments that he refers to as “proofs” are the cosmological argument, the teleological argument, and the ontological argument. McCloskey’s article debunks these arguments as being false and without proof. He states that theists should dismiss the idea of God entirely. He claims in his opening statements that he will show reasons why theists should…

or not Jesus Christ is his one true born son. The cosmological argument only deals with the fact that the universe is created by a great designer. Some say that this argument is illogical because one can simply not know whether or not that there is an intelligent creator, and the universe could create itself through nothingness. Then again, it is impossible to know whether or not that the universe did create itself from the void. The cosmological proof is a both a valid and invalid argument in…

1. How can I make sure that I am not dreaming right now? Well, according to Rene, “when I see where things come from and where and when they come to me, and when I can connect my perceptions of them with the whole of the rest of my life without a break, then I am quite certain that when I encounter these things I am not asleep but awake” (191). 2. Basically. According to Rene, “I am, then, in the strict sense only a thing that thinks; that is, I am a mind, or intelligence, or intellect, or…

There is a “God”. Call it what you may, but there is a higher being upon us all. Cosmological arguments state that there must be an uncaused cause of the universe. Everything has a beginning and almost everything contains a specific purpose. In order for anything to obtain purpose, there had to have been someone or something to distribute those purposes. That something had to have been in high power due to the fact that it was in existence before those purposes were distributed. All parts of…

using Theistic viewpoints such as cosmological proof, teleological proof and the argument from design. We can see from his thoughts that many of them could be recognized as truth, but none of them however are verified. McCloskey states that “most Theists do not come to believe in God as a basis for religious belief, but come to religion as a result of other reasons and factors (McCloskey). McCloskey argument was against the use of three Theistic proofs cosmological argument, theological…