Corticosteroid

YSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) SLE stand for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The Latin word for lupus means “wolf” while Erythematosus means “red rashes”. Red rashes on a patient’s face that looked like wolf bites was discovered by Dr. Cazenave in 1851 and he named it Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) which only involved the skin. In 1885, Sir William Osler recognized that many people with lupus had a disease involving not only skin but many other organs or systems, so he named the disease…

Osteoarthritis seems very common but it can be very painful. Osteoarthritis affects the bones and joints. There are two types “wear and tear” and the specific cause osteoarthritis. Wear and tear osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage begins to break down over time. Cartilage is important because it is the tissue that protects the joints. Without cartilage, the bones will start to rub against each other which will cause pain, swelling, and maybe even the loss of motion. Over time it could lead…

In the practice of nursing, the scope of care provided is not confined. Nursing care extends to all ages and health deviations. There are particular health deviations that affect children and progress to the child’s adulthood. Numerous parents enjoy the experience of their children reaching developmental milestones; however, every child does not reach milestones or they might have a sort of delay. The developmental delays based on the child’s severity, require special nursing care and…

Introduction Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) basically means an individual losses the ability to breathe easily. OSA is could be considered a serious sleep disorder because of the stopping of breathing. OSA is constant and occurs multiple times while asleep. There are a multiple type of apnea but the most known disorder is OSA, which occurs when the throat muscles relax and hinders airways during sleep. OSA is usually caused because of a narrow and flaccid throat. In addition, most people who…

According to Schouten et al (2008), sepsis involves the activation of the coagulation cascade coupled with down-regulation of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. An intricate link between inflammation and coagulation exists within the body (Neligan, 2006). When a pathogen is present in the bloodstream or when tissue injury occurs, an inflammatory response occurs. The response causes a stimulation of the immune system to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis…

Caffeine is the most popular psychoactive drug in the world. Millions of people consume caffeine, in various forms, daily in order to feel more energized, but when consumed in amounts that are out of proportion, the effects can be counterproductive or dangerous. Caffeine is both a natural and man made substance that is classified as a drug, food additive, and stimulant of the central nervous system. Its chemical classification is Xanthines because it 's derived from the purine base Xanthine.…

Medication administration errors are most prevalent by nurses, even with various precautions, since they are the front of healthcare. A registered nurse (RN) has a great deal of responsibility when caring for clients in a manner of clinical settings. The application of care does not discriminate from factors from age, gender and medical history. The requirements for a RN in medication administration include a multitude of knowledge and skills learned. Their process can be outlined with the RN…

Influencing the Outcome for Effective Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compression neuropathy of the upper extremity after carpal tunnel syndrome (Trehan et al, 2012). It represents a source of considerable discomfort and disability for the patient and in extreme cases may progress to loss of function of the hand (Cutts, S., 2007). Some specialists refer to this condition as ulnar nerve compression as it takes place within the cubital tunnel…

Impetigo is the most common bacterial infection in children. This is a highly contagious infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis and is primarily caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus (1). Sometimes Streptococcus or strep bacteria can cause impetigo. It is most common in children between the ages of two and six, although anyone can become infected. The most common form of impetigo is called Impetigo contagiosa. This type usually starts as a red sore on your…

INTRODUCTION Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an auto-immune system. Auto mean self. Autoimmune means that our immune system cannot differentiate between foreign invaders and our own healthy body tissues and decide that our healthy cells are foreign substance. Thus, creating autoantibodies which are protein that attack and eventually destroy the healthy tissues. This means that our body ability to prevent and fight against infection are reducing. SLE is more than any connective tissues…