Correlation does not imply causation

Ramya Sreeramoju Professor Clovis CLAR-111 16 October 2015 Critique of In-Prison Drug Treatment Study Introduction Drug offenders, as these people are called, often receive sentences that are much too long for the offense they actually committed. Labelled as hardcore criminals when they did not even do anything violent, they are often slapped with these prolonged sentences and then not given a chance to reform during their time in prison, both simply adding up to no possibility for improvement…

Does diversity matter in today’s world? From the stars in the universe to the options on a fast food restaurant menu, diversity is omnipresent. The New Oxford American Dictionary defines diversity as “a range of different things”, making the term applicable to social, economical and environmental aspects of today’s world. Through examining the impact of diversity on ethnicity, socio-economic status and the environment, I will determine the importance of diversity in today’s world. Ethnic…

As human beings, we are by nature social creatures. Communicating with others, whether to gain information, feel emotional support, or simply to have another person to talk to about everyday life, is a crucial part of humanity’s very existence. Looking back on the evolution of mankind, staying with one’s group was a matter of life and death in harsh environments with dangerous predators, food shortages, and hostile weather, and without the ability to communicate and maintain a tribe mentality,…

wars. Spalding then implies that the US government needs to spend more money on nuclear weapons instead of other military hardware because the nuclear weapons do not kill as often as the regular military hardware. The entire premise of this argument exists of a false normative assumption and an illogical causal relationship. He assumes that all regular military hardware is used on a regular basis to kill people. This is an exaggeration with a narrow scope of view. Spalding does not account for…

rates are decreasing and the average debt rates are increasing which makes the average person in debt. Sawhill, being an economist, has all credibility to be able to make this assertion too. However, as stated before in the article, correlation doesn’t imply causation. There could be multiple factors that cause household income to fall and college debt to increase, such as the baby boomers retiring and more people going to college. Not only is this example a bit misleading, it also plays to the…

issues. To push against this binary rather than strictly agree with it would indicate finding something wrong with society and attempting to go against the norm can create anxiety within a group or individual. AN and GAD do not have definite causation or correlation but being a woman, especially in a Western society, is a significant risk factor for both disorders (Dellava 2011). It is important for physicians, families, researchers and especially women to break stereotypes and embrace the many…

Serious Adverse Event? An adverse event is any undesirable experience associated with the use of a medical product in a patient. All Adverse Events that are reported are NOT caused by the vaccines administered! reason or chance? Correlation does not always equal causation. Epidemiologic date can be cherry picked by biased groups to omit pertinent data that agrees with their views. Each year millions of vaccinations are given to children and only a small percentage will experience adverse…

responsible for something does not necessarily imply that the person is, consequently, also morally responsible, or vice versa. According to most modern legal systems, if someone is legally responsible for an action, that person will face consequences under the legal system. A person who is morally responsible for an action may also be legally responsible for it as well, but not necessarily. While the two may coincide often, they are not the same thing and their correlation does not imply…

Since the horrors of WWII and the Nazi War Crimes, there has been a fear in society and academia of returning to the biological thinking that led to those extremes. However, recently there has been some popularity in the field of evolutionary psychology. Bruce Bower explains that evolutionary psychologists claim that social behavior comes from our biology (Bruce Bower (1991) “Darwin’s Minds” Science News: 140, pp 232-234). Bower also claims that these theories stem from the work of Charles…

this way because that's the structure that our thoughts tend to have; we think of the world as substances that have properties. He also points out that we tend to think of the world in “if…. then” type of judgments and that from here our belief in causation happens; we organize the world in cause and effect…