Corporal punishment

Within the discipline of education there are many specific areas one may choose to research. These topics can range from teaching styles to the psychological effects of mainstreaming special needs children into the classroom. For an undergraduate in the field of education one must figure out what they would like to know more about and how to properly research their chosen topic. After choosing a topic one must learn to sift through all the information already out there on their topic, one useful…

Quakers in Pennsylvania in 1790. The Quakers used a form of punishment that included inmates repenting for what they had done in solitary confinement. They had little contact with anyone. Shortly after, other prisons came about in Pennsylvania, leading to more prisons along the northern east coast of the United States. Between 1825 and 1876 was an era known as, The Mass Prison Era. The Mass Prison Era adopted a new system of punishment called, the Auburn system. According to Schmalleger, the…

Positive Reinforcement of Rats in Operant Conditioning Chamber Phebe Crane Western Illinois University Abstract In order to successfully shape the behavior of pressing a lever for delivery of a food pellet, consecutive days of training must take place with the use of fixed-ratio scheduling for the rat to successfully press the lever repeatedly. In a 4 day study over the span of four weeks, it is difficult to achieve shaping a rat to press a lever consistently for the reward of food pellet…

The purpose of retributive punishment is to hold the offender accountable by punishing them to an extent that is roughly equal to the harm caused by their actions (Ward & Salmon, 2009, 242). The role of the state is to balance the moral ledger and that the offender would be getting…

This essay enjoyed great success (Cesare Beccaria, Famousphilosophers.org) Due to his early success, Beccaria was encouraged to continue his writing. In 1764, Cesare Beccaria created his highest acclaimed and most stimulating essay, On Crimes and Punishment (Cesare Beccaria, Famousphilosophers.org). In this essay, Beccaria explains the legal system of his times and it 's shortcomings. This essay…

Prison, where convicted criminals are sent as a punishment is found in almost all countries (United Nations, 2007). People are sent to prison if they commit a criminal offence, breaks the law or they could be put in a prison while they are waiting for a trial. However, it is claimed that there is an over-reliance on incarceration and it is believed that the over-reliance on imprisonment increases the population of the prison, which could have negative influences on prisoners (ibid). Therefore,…

empowered to decide their own punishment, even in the case of minor infractions. In the case of parenting, public humiliation can be damaging to a child’s mental state as well as to their relationship with their parents. Although their motives are to better society, public shaming is an ineffective and unfair punishment for…

has numerous problems that it faces and provides equal punishments to those who break the law. When it comes to mandatory sentencing, many people take sides on what is considered fair and unfair. With the number of criminals rising each and every year, the justice system requires a well-balanced process for each individual case. With that being said, mandatory sentences are restrictions placed on judges when it comes to what kinds of punishment they can give to people accused of breaking the…

A brief review of the book “The Little Book of Restorative Justice,” by Howard Zehr, is based upon one idea, how should this society respond to wrong doings and what should be done with the victims and offenders? The book begins by telling us that the criminal justice system is not meeting the needs of the people with in that system, ultimately the system is failing however there still may be some good qualities. Zehr expresses that, “restorative justice is an attempt to address some of…

Western countries have foregone the notion of ruling through religious ideals, meaning that they have become more secular and social. Religious ideals protect the rights of some, mostly straight men, and through the different interpretations of religious texts, people have created a justification for their actions. The rule of law, recently, has allowed the United States to decriminalize homosexuality, allowing people that have the preference of their own sex to marry and act as a straight…