Coronary circulation

Primary causes of stroke include, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Stroke is divided into two categories, hemorrhagic and ischemic. A hemorrhagic stroke has the highest incidence of death, it is characterized by excessive blood…

Heart disease is a disorder of blood vessels which can lead to a heart attack. Also called cardiovascular disease/ cardiac disease. Heart disease is a condition that involves narrowed or blocked blood vessel. That prevent other body part of your body like the heart from recieving blood. Symptoms and effects of this disease Effects; heart disease, chest pain, stroke, can effect your heart muscle valves. Symptoms; shortness of breath, pain in neck, jaw, throat, numbness and weakness. Since…

one killer in the United States. The term Heart Disease is used to label a range of diseases that affect the heart; heart failure and coronary artery disease- are a few of many serious heart problems. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, their research suggest that heart disease begins with damage to the lining and inner layers of the coronary (heart) arteries. The buildup of plaque in the heart arteries may even start as early as childhood. When the heart’s tasks become…

Prosthetic Heart Valves for Pediatric Patients Madeline Setear, Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island BME 181 First Presentation, March 6th, 2017 Abstract— Heart valve failure makes up a significant portion of Cardiovascular diseases. Heart valves fail when they are damaged and deteriorating or when they have congenital deformities. Heart valve replacement methods have improved greatly in the past decade. Currently, Mechanical and Biological Heart valve prosthesis exist but both…

pacemaker and/or ICD placement is approximately 4% (2). Pathophysiology: PLSVC occurs when the embryologic structure, the left anterior cardinal vein, fails to involute to become the ligament of Marshall. The PLSVC most commonly connects to the coronary sinus, eventually returning blood to the right atrium. Patients with PLSVC are at increased risk of developing various cardiac arrhythmias for multiple reasons. First, embryologic pacemaker tissues on the right side SVC form the SA node…

In contrast to thrombocytopenia, thrombophilia is where there are too many platelets in the blood meaning blood has an increased tendency to form clots. Blood clots are known as venous thromboses and they come in many forms linked with different parts of the body. For example, the most common form of blood clots is within the leg veins and this is known as deep vein thrombosis (DTV). The blood clotting process is a simple process in comparison to some of the bodily functions. When a cut to the…

When you develop peripheral artery disease, your extremities usually your legs do not receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand. PAD causes aching, change in skin color and sometimes burning in the legs. Total loss of circulation to the legs and feet can cause gangrene, paresthesia and a loss of a limb. A physical examination will determine if a person has peripheral artery disease with the help of a doppler. A doppler is a small machine that visualizes the artery with sound…

Acute myocardial infarction is known to many as a heart attack. It occurs when blood flow is blocked to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle (healthline.com). This is often a fatal incident for some people. However, many have survived a heart attack and now know their risks associated with this heart condition and have to monitor their daily lives. For the individuals that are aware of their heightened risk, they monitor their blood pressure, diet, cholesterol, and any…

Skeletal muscle wasting or skeletal muscle atrophy is common symptoms in a variety of chronic diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), muscle denervation, muscle immobility, Diabetes, and cancer. In the cancer cachexia, there is skeletal muscle wasting phenomenon. Skeletal muscle wasting may cause respiratory system dysfunction and reduce the patient’s mobility and quality of life. The prevalence of cancer cachexia is estimated to…

Heart and Lung Sounds Assessments The knowledge of the normal heart sound, S1 then S2, will aid in the identification of the abnormal heart sounds as the changes of loudness of S1 or the “lub” in “lub-dup” may signify heart pathology. “The second heart sound has been called the key to heart disease” (Shindler, 2007). It is widely transmitted, usually audible, sharper and shorter than S1, and easily heard. Ventricular gallop or S3 is normal in children but not in older populations as it may be…