Coronary artery disease

• Functional testing ○ N/A • Procedures ○ Cerebral angiography 3 – General explanation □ Radiographic procedure using injection of contrast medium to visualize vascular supply of the brain, including extracranial – Indication □ Suspected acute subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracranial aneurysm □ Arteriovenous malformations □ Cortical vein thrombosis □ Dural sinus thrombosis □ Vasculitis – Contraindications □ Coagulopathy – Interpretation of results □ Anatomic display of…

has been coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is the gradual accumulation of atheroma, which ultimately obstructs the heart from oxygenated blood as the blood vessels become narrow. The likelihood of having coronary heart disease is associated with numerous risk factors, ranging from smoking to ethnic background (NHS Choices, 2014). However, this essay will only focus on the aspects of psychosocial and behavioural or cultural risk factors, which influence the prevalence of coronary…

The importance of tightly regulating plasma volume is to see how much water can a person excrete, and how the total amount of blood volume has a direct effect on plasma osmolarity. As a result, plasma volume has a direct effect on the blood pressure. Basically, when the blood contains low amount of water, it can result in decrease in plasma volume, and increases in serum osmolality which led to blood having increased viscosity (Evans 1. et al. 1506). Additionally, the plasma volume results in…

Health Effects of Oxytocin Properties of Oxytocin Oxytocin is a peptide hormone made up of nine amino acids. Oxytocin is produced by pituitary gland in the brain to carry out different physiological and psychological functions in the body like child birth, breastfeeding, mother infant bonding and social behavior. Oxytocin is also referred as love hormone, cuddle hormone or bonding hormone because it develops feelings of affection, trust, and attachment among people. It reduces the negativities…

Ischemia is a state of tissue oxygen deprivation accompanied by a reduced washout of the resulting metabolites (1). Reperfusion is the restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Despite the unequivocal benefit of reperfusion of blood to an ischemic tissue, reperfusion itself can elicit a cascade of harmful reactions that injure tissue(2). Studies have shown that renal ischemia - reperfusion injury in addition to kidney tissue, will also be affected distant organs such as the brain (3),…

Case Study #3 1. Based on my understanding of the cardiovascular system, a blood clot is a gel that consists of the formed elements of blood trapped in a network of insoluble protein fibers (Tortora,2014, p.335). How clotting is formed when a series of chemical reactions that culminates in the formation of fibrin threads (Tortora,2014, p.335). When blood is easily clots it’s called thrombosis, a thrombosis is a formation of a clot in an unbroken blood vessel, usually in a vein (Tortora,2014,…

Syncope is sufficient blood flow to the brain which causes loss of consciousness which also causes fainting. It often happens in patients with hypotension which comes from the heart not pumping enough oxygen. Some of the causes of syncope is dehydration, heavy sweating, pooling of blood in the legs, exhaustion, disorder occur with exercise and with palpations or irregularities of the heart also with family history of recurrent syncope or sudden death. Risk factors are usually being…

Sometimes when we ingest certain substances, we can stimulate foci (nodes that pace the heart at a certain speed) in the heart which can give us the feeling of “skipping a beat.” The feeling of “skipping a beat” is actually another beat that follows the original beat quickly which gives us that feeling. A lot of factors can stimulate other foci such as atrial and junctional in our heart. These factors, according to Dr. Dubin, includes adrenaline (epinephrine) released by adrenal glands,…

Amlodipine (Norvasc): This drug blocks calcium from entering the muscles in your arteries and in your heart. Calcium helps muscles contract, so by blocking this it helps the muscles of your arteries relax allowing them to open up more. Having more space reduces resistance of blood flow making it easier for the blood to flow. It also relaxes the arteries that go to your heart reducing resistance, increasing the blood flow to your heart. Having less resistance then reduces your blood pressure…

Understanding Hernias Sam You Institute of Technology April 4, 2017 When a person hears the word, “hernia”, it is very likely that the only knowledge that person has about hernia is that it is a protrusion of an organ through the abdominal area of the body. What people do not realize is that hernias can be more than just a physical abnormality; it can also be very harmful. Some hernia may lead to other severe medical complications that will possibly require the treatment of surgery. There…