Copper

of the world’s most historical slavery time periods was the trans-Atlantic slave trade. This trade route was when the African slaves were exchanged for a variety of products that were important to the countries involved such as tobacco, gold, coal, copper, etc. The trade route originally started in 1550 AD and lasted for three centuries until 1850 AD. The trans-Atlantic slave trade had significant effects on many countries across the world. In “The Atlantic Slave Trade and Slavery” by C.L.R.…

Adam Elsheimer, a German artist of the Baroque period born in Frankfurt in 1578, was a strikingly innovative artist influencing several key figures of the Baroque art. Under the tutelage of Phillipp Uffenbach, a skilled Frankfurt artist whose Italian experience garnered him the status of a sought-after replicator of famous Italian paintings back in Germany ('Adoration of the Magi' among others), Elsheimer spent his formative years learning the fundamentals of German Renessaince art. Around 1598…

different physical properties from their constituent metals. nickel, and other metals are also often added to iron to make steels of various types. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc which is used in plumbing fixtures, electrical parts, and musical instruments. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, which is much harder than copper; when bronze was discovered by ancient civilizations, it marked a significant step forward from the use of less durable stone tools. The metalloids are…

Within a little over two millenniums, the history of the atomic theory changed multiple times. In the very beginning, Democritus was the very first to propose the existence of the particle (H). The name he would give this particle was atomos. Aristotle believed that each element of the earth; water, air, fire, and earth, would gradually become small every time they were halved. This view held up for about 2,000 years. The next major change within the scientific field that concerned atoms was…

known as hard (high energy x-rays). The discovery of the x-ray was done over a century ago (1895) by the German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen who did experiments with a vacuum tube with a wire component at one end forming the cathode (-), and a heavy copper target at the other end forming the anode (+). When Röntgen applied a high voltage to the electrodes, the electrons formed at the cathode were attracted to anode and striked with a high amount of energy. Roentgen found that very penetrating…

five was a two-part experiment meant to have us practice our skills and then use those skills in actual data collection and analysis. In part one we used a sample of sodium saccharinate combined with a sample of a metal halide salt, our group used copper(II) chloride. The combination of these two samples allowed for the synthesis of a metal complex. In part two of the experiment we used a procedure similar to part one in order to collect phosphorus out of a sample of fertilizer. This sample was…

is required for. Corrosion-resistance: Aluminium generates a protective oxide coating naturally, and therefore makes it particularly useful for protection and conservation. Conductivity: Based on weight, aluminium is an even better conductor than copper, making it ideal to be used in overhead power lines. Ductility: aluminium has a low density and melting point, and these properties allow products to be formed up until the last stages of a product…

alloy is a casting (.0) or ingot (.1 or .2). A capital letter prefix indicates a modification to a specific alloy. Example: Alloy - A356.1 the capital A (Axxx.x) indicates a modification of alloy 356.1 the number 3 (A3xx.x) indicates Silicon plus copper and/or magnesium series. The 56 (Ax56.1) identifies the alloy within the 3xx.x series. The .1 (Axxx.1) indicates that it is a final shape of ingot. The composition, physical, mechanical properties of A356.1 Aluminium alloy are shown in table 2.3,…

6.3.2 Energy Payback Time (EPBT) It is the required time to payback the embodied energy of the product. It is evaluated as [142]: (6.1) 6.3.3 CO2 Emission Watt et al., have reported that, the emission of average CO2 is approximately equivalent of 0.98 kg of CO2/kWh in the electricity generated by coal [143]. The CO2 emission per year can be calculated as [144] (6.2) 6.3.4 Carbon Mitigation and Earned Carbon Credit The mitigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to measure the climate change…

Introduction: Alcohols are used in everyday life and as a result they are of great interest to chemists, specifically in regards to energy output. Energy output is extremely important when it comes to classifying a compound’s uses. For example, a compound with an explosive energy output can be implemented as a fuel for cars or other vehicles. This is the very reason that accurate information about the heat and/or energy output of alcohols are in high demand in many industries. Fuels release…