Continuum mechanics

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a tool to study thermal emission resulting from non-radiative relaxation followed by absorption of radiation. PAS was studied primarily by Alexander Graham Bell, John Tyndall, Wilhelm Rontgen and Lord Rayleigh in 1884. For the history of PAS, was not until 1975 that photoacoustic spectroscopy started to be used as a wide range of different applications. This technique provides the following main advantages over the known types of spectroscopy. The advantages…

T Introduction Jean Piaget a well-known and first psychologist to make a systemic study of cognitive development. He was a very talented scholar and his first scientific paper, on the Albino Sparrow published at the age of ten. After he received his doctoral degree at the age of twenty-two, Piaget formally began his career that would have a profound impact on psychology and education. Today, Piaget is best known for his research on children’s cognitive development. He studied the intellectual…

1. Derive the mathematical expression for the Lorentz transformation equation. relative orientation of the co-ordinate systems indicated in fig.2 A light-signal, which is proceeding along the positive axis of x, is transmitted according to the equation : x - ct = 0 _______ (1). Since the same light-signal has to be transmitted relative to K1 with the velocity c, the propagation relative to the system K1 will be represented by the analogous formula x' - ct' = 0 _______(2) therefore:…

The differences between barefoot and shod running Introduction: Humans have the ability to perform various movements, such as jumping, walking, running, etc. However, tend not to think the essentials of movement as they are not applying the mechanisms that allow them to move from one place to another. The amount of energy required to walk at a comfortable place is very small in comparison with other activities (Everett and Kell, 2010). The study of De Wit et al, (2000) concluded that,…

Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to help students gain a better understanding of physical concepts such as work (which occurs when an applied force moves an object.) torque (defined as a twisting force), energy and rotational inertia (an object's resistance to rotation). Experimental Design: My group’s testable question throughout the mousetrap car experiment was: If we add and subtract factors such as material, weight and shape, from the wheels of our car, how will it affect the…

There are many famous and influential mathematicians that have done many wondrous and extraordinary things, some of these range it Einstein, newton and to pascal. But one interesting one in particular is Pythagoras. Pythagoras is one of the many famous mathematicians that has lived on the earth. What he did in math helped shape math to what it is today. Some things he did was learn math and science as much as he could, create the useful Pythagoreanism, and help progress the advancement of…

The crash box is the car component that is attached at each end of a car’s bumper and its function is to absorb the energy produced during collision or impact. Chapter 1 describes briefly on crash boxes and their characteristics. As mentioned earlier in Chapter 1, crash boxes are designed with or without patterns. Each one of the designs have different energy absorbing characteristic depending on the design and its patterns, shape, size, etc. Most crash boxes are designed with several grooves…

AIM OF THE PRACTICAL The aim of this practical was to investigate the reality or the accuracy of the formula for the resultant force on and the position of the centre of pressure on a vertical rectangular surface. SKETCH OF APPARATUS Counterbalance weight Balance pan(with 20g mass piece) Flat/curved surface(as shown below) Water Beaker Mass pieces(20g each) SUMMARY OF THEORY Hydrostatic force is the force exerted by the…

Most people imagine time as a constant. Physicist Albert Einstein illustrated that time is an illusion that it is relative which it can differ for different observers depending on the speed through space. To Einstein, time is a fourth dimension and space is described as a three-dimensional field, which provides a traveler with coordinates such as length, height and width showing location. Time provides one more coordinate direction although conventionally, it only moves forward. Time…

After four hundred years of its invention, it became an important scientific instrument, a symbol of science. All through the 400 years history, this invention changed our view of the universe, our thoughts, societies and even our thoughts. This incredible scientific instrument has been built by the famous astronomer and philosopher from Pisa, Galileo Galilei. This invention can make far objects appear closer when viewed through one end of its long pipe. It was a telescope. The telescope’s…