Constructivist epistemology

Traceel Andrews Paper # 3 Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? – Edmund Gettier Gettier paper argued that for a thought to be considered justified there needs to be a necessary condition and that a third condition needs to be introduced for S to believe namely Q. Gettier talks about three other philosophers ideals and states that their ideas are wrong. Plato’s Theaetetus and Meno In Theaetetus, Plato through Socrates fumble with what knowledge is. Socrates has a dialog with one of Plato’s…

I disagree with the idea that the Dualistic Theory entirely avoids the problems posed by the five-minute hypothesis. Huemer asserts that his theory dodges the objection because it explains why both A and B are still rational where the Preservation theory fails in doing so. The Preservation Theory claims that while rational A’s justification is preserved because he experienced the original justifying experiences, B is irrational for the lack of original experiences despite the fact that he…

The fundamental peril of philosophy is to become entrapped in notions that are merely conceivable, without realizing that these same notions have no bearing on reality, that is they are not possible, and being conceivable does not make them so. In his book ,Walking the Tightrope of Reason: The Precarious Life of a Rational Animal, Robert Fogelin leads the reader through an argument of whether or not we can ever adequately answer any question that comes to mind. His approach is interesting but…

The Matrix is a film that challenges the genuine and the module of a complicated, false cyber-based reality. Before the character Thomas Anderson, also known as Neo, finds said realism in the film, Morpheus, the leader of a group of rebels, presents him a very intriguing question, “Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real? What if you were unable to wake from that dream? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world?” (Wachowski). This…

In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, there are three prisoners who live in a world where they are chained in a cave. There are puppeteers who cast shadows onto the wall of the cave and the prisoners construct the shadows as reality.One out of the three prisoners breaks free and adventures the outsides of cave. After adapting to a lifestyle where you mainly see darkness; the prisoner is blinded by the sun and agitated about the outside world of the cave. The shadows that the puppeteers casted inside…

Patrick Henry in his “Speech to the Virginia Convention” utilizes the three pillars of rhetoric; Ethos, Logos, and Pathos to induce and provoke his audience to fight for Independence and to fight for freedom. Patrick Henry forges his ethos, by being considerate towards the other men and through his use of metaphors. He starts by “saying it is only natural for men to indulge in the illusion of hope” Henry says, hope comes naturally to men but in this case it is nothing but an illusion. He then…

Metaphysics is a diverse area in the field of philosophy distinguished by two types of autopsy. One of the autopsies is to give the overview of the analysis into the nature of genuineness, arguing the facts about the values demonstrating to anything that appears to be genuine. The second autopsy pursues to reveal what is eventually genuine, regularly giving solutions in severe difference to the daily knowledge of the universe. From the movie “The Matrix,” the storyline behind its filming lies…

Are ideas innate or not? First, I will present the debate on innate ideas as argued by Descartes on the affirmative, and John Locke on the negative. Descartes view that we do indeed have innate ideas which comes from his mediations concerning the idea of god. While Locke would argue that we do not have innate ideas and that is rooted in his belief that all knowledge is a result of our experiences. Descartes was a French philosopher who was a rationalist. Rationalists believe that all ideas…

It is obvious, therefore, that the conception of the subject that emerges from Wittgenstein's vision of language and the mind immediately displaces the exclusiveness of the cognitive ego and demands not merely potencies that are foreign to it, but also the recognition of realities that are inaccessible without the cooperation of other modes of knowing that cannot be found in reason alone. But the modern self defines itself as a rational thinking consciousness, and as the organizing and…

Two philosophers by the name of William James – supporter of religious belief without sufficient evidence – and Richard Feldman – a supporter of Clifford’s Principle – argue their side in separate essays on what to think about beliefs. James denies that one must always use sufficient evidence and insist on using a set of rules called “hypotheses”. When all three hypotheses are used at once, then it leads to the final answer known as a “genuine” option. Feldman disagrees with James and uses…