Conservation of energy

Definition: The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of the system is constant and that energy can neither be created nor destroyed and can only transform from one form to another. This means that we can't create noting from something, and we can't create something from nothing. Energy exists and cannot become nonexistent and nonexistent energy cannot become exist. The first law makes use of the key concepts of internal energy, heat, and system work. It is used extensively in…

thermodynamics, a heat engine is a device/system that uses heat to do work, i.e. it converts heat or thermal energy to mechanical energy. 1.2 How does a heat engine work and its operating principles? For a heat engine to work, it must operate in cycles. Firstly, heat is added into the system. Let the heat added into the system be represented by [Qh]. After that process, some of the energy that were added into the system will be used to do work e.g the materials expanding or increasing in…

Introduction Thermodynamics is the study of heat and chemical transformations as a result of energy changes, energy is what keeps things moving in our everyday life and is applied to nearly everything to a point where knowledge of thermodynamics is common sense weather we know it or not. Now a days every household, car, office and even laptops and electronics have air conditioning which has allowed for appealing aspects of commercial use and consumer consumption, but what we don 't consider is…

across the membrane ~ the distance travelled – this places an upper limit on cell size and functions as a resistance factor; distance travelled is indirectly proportional to the rate of diffusion ~ temperature – higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of the molecules, therefore increasing…

physics, energy is usually described as the ability of a system to perform work. However, this definition is often challenged because of the many different forms energy can hold. There have been definitions derived which are more suitable to certain contexts. Thermal energy is a more specific energy explored in this investigation process. Thermal energy is one of the types of energy which can be defined by ‘the ability to perform work’. It is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy…

1: If 25.0 g of Al cool from 310oC to 37oC, how many joules of heat energy are lost by the Al? Heat Transfer q = m x Cs x ∆T q = C x ∆T • • • • • q = heat absorbed or released (J) Cs = specific heat (J g-1 K-1) C = heat capacity (J K-1) m = mass of substance (g) ∆T = change in temperature (K) = Tfinal -…

Based on our observations from the Zinc and Hydrochloric Acid Lab, we concluded that the chemical reaction that occurred was exothermic and a single displacement reaction. The experiment consisted of zinc (Zn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) being mixed in a test tube immersed in water. First of all, bubbles were produced during the reaction. Also, a white powdery substance was produced with properties different from those of any reactant. The bubbles suggest that the reaction was a chemical…

of these resources are finite including fossil fuels such as coal and oil. For the 21st century, coal, gas and oil are no longer recommended as we’re moving towards infinite renewable resources such as solar and wind power. The electricity and heat energy derived from these resources is used in our homes for every day uses such as cooking, lighting, air conditioning, refrigeration etc (see…

Mathematical model Heat and mass transfer properties of counter flow wet cooling tower are obtained through the balance of mass and energy equations. The assumptions made for deriving the governing equations are listed below [14, 15]: • Heat and mass transfer take place only normal to the flow direction. • Heat transfer to the environment through the walls are negligible. • Heat transfer from cooling-tower fan is negligible. • Specific heats of water and dry air are constant. • Heat and mass…

Heat conduction mechanism represents the energy loss at the particle surface due to the collisions with the surrounding gas molecules. There is no simple theory to explain the cooling mechanism of the particles. During the laser pulse, the particle achieves the peak temperature and emit thermal signal. After the laser pulse duration, the particle starts to cool down. The cooling of the particles is characterized by a decay function. The decay of LII signal provides information about the primary…