Consciousness

The human nature of understanding is a worldwide concept, that has been adapted over time. These concepts of human understanding were introduced differently by philosophers. John Locke and David Hume, documente in their treatises how the human nature of understanding works. In many arguments of reasoning, Locke states that humans should be on the same level of thinking and knowledge to argue about an idea. David Hume believes that fact is a contradiction, and with contradiction you can’t argue…

Pavlov vs. Ebbinghaus Hermann Ebbinghaus helped determine part of the rules of association, by determine if the mechanisms of association had validity. Associations are relations between two events, where the manifestation of one event activates the image of the second event. He created nonsense symbols, which was his way of experimenting with how associations are formed. Nonsense symbols are three letter words that have no definition, meaning, or importance, thus allowing people to have no…

However, the misery is still not over. Even if the term “chronic neurological disability” had been added under the draft bill of the Act4, the procedure of “labeling” a person with disability is still not consistent with the new definition of “disability”, especially when it comes to assessment of the mental capacity. Mental capacity is a multidimensional construct and a central determinant of an individual's ability to make autonomous decisions6. Mental capacity refers to the ability through…

A quote by Margaret J. Wheatley states, “Without reflection, we go blindly on our way, creating more unintended consequences, and failing to achieve anything useful.” In order for us to gain any knowledge from what we have learned throughout this course we first must be open-minded to seeing things from a different perspective. Learning to become self-aware, becoming conscious of one’s own biases, and learning about and becoming sympathetic to those who are different are three simple ways we can…

1. It seems to me that the Descartes main purpose of doubting everything is a way of showing how flawed Skepticism is and how you can defeat it on its own grounds. 2. Descartes’s presents different stages of doubt, this includes: Perceptual beliefs: Could be illusions, hallucinations, or dreams. Memories: The past may have been different than you remember. Calculations: You may have made an error in your calculations. Beliefs concerning math or logic: You may have a feeling of certainty when…

Normally the individual would describe the mind-body problem as the mind being non-physical and the body being physical. Mind is software in the brain's hardware. The "stuff" of mind is pure information. Information is neither matter nor energy, though it needs matter for its embodiment and energy for its communication. The mind-body problem tries to explain the relationship between mental processes and the likes of beliefs, actions, and thinking. The approaches to this problem is usually…

The Slate Is Not Empty: Descartes and Locke on Innate Ideas René Rene Descartes and John Locke, two of the fundamental businesslike people who framed improvement, the contrast on two or three subjects; one of them concerns whether the human thought contains intrinsic thoughts. In this article, I will shield Descartes' debate that two or three contemplations, definitely, are engraved in the psyche at parturition, and show how Locke claim against normal examinations is lacking. As showed by the…

Dream analysis can be beneficial in the therapeutic setting to gain insight into the psyche. However, theorists often disagree on how much emphasis should be placed on these interpretations as well as the depth of symbolism within the content of the dreams. On one side of the spectrum, according to Freud’s therapeutic framework, Psychoanalytic Theory, dreams are viewed as the “royal road to the unconscious” (Corey, p. 74). He believed that within the dream phenomenon, our ego’s defenses are…

1. Materialists have an ontological claim that everything that exists is made of matter. Therefore, having mental states does not indicate that there is something mental; to deny materialism is to say that there exist non-material entities. One way to deny materialism is to say that mind (or ideas/beliefs) are non-material entities. 2. Functionalism claims that mental contents are functional. The negation of it is to say that mental states are defined introspectively instead of…

The idea of dying, and death itself is something that one normally has dread for, yet for some it is acceptable as life. In Emily Dickinson’s poem, “Because I could not stop for Death,” the speaker depicts her encounter with Death as being part of a rather pleasant experience. To help shift away the negative perspective generally attributed to death, Dickinson creates an intimate connection between the subject and the speaker through the implementation and manipulation of various literary…