Congenital heart disease

According to numerous bodybuilding.com the top three supplements on the market right now are creatine monohydrate, caffeine, beta-alanin5. Creatine monohydrate is known as creatine is considered one of the most effective performance supplements that improve high-intensity work capacity, muscle mass, strength, and body composition5. Creatine increases phosphocreatine stores within the muscle, allowing an increase in regeneration of ATP5. Creatine(s) effectiveness based on scientific evidence…

Oral/nasal cavity- The nasal cavity is the primary intake for air for the respiratory system, consisting of cartilage, muscle and bone. It allows for inhalation of air into the body and warms the air as it enters filtering the air by removing dust, pollen, and other contaminants, purifying the air before it is passed to the inner body. The secondary exterior opening is the oral cavity, it allows for larger quantities of air inhalation, it also has less distance to travel allowing more air to…

as the carotid and aortic arteries, increase with age1,2,3; peripheral arteries such as the radial and femoral arteries, stiffen little with age1,3. In younger subjects, retrograde waves travel back to the heart arrive during diastole1. As subjects age, the retrograde waves arrive at the heart during systole (which increases systolic pressure)1, since they are travelling faster in the stiffened central arteries. Once this is known, it can be seen why carotid-toe PWV increases more with age, than…

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a decrease in kidney function occurring in the glomerular filtration ability of the kidney causing an increase in nitrogenous waste in the blood and in turn increasing the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (McCance & Huether, 2014). Other findings associated with AKI include, a decrease in urinary output and also accumulation of metabolic acids, and increased potassium and phosphate concentrations (Bellomo, Kellum & Ronco, 2012). The AKI is…

Vertebral Compression Fracture (Lumbar) Overview- The vertebral compression fracture occurs when the vertebrae fracture or collapse, not necessarily a result of an evident trauma. Vertebral fractures, the vertebral body are typically compressed in a wedge shape (more evident in lateral projection to the x-ray) due to the normal kyphosis of the thoracic region, which focuses the forces before. In the lumbar vertebral fractures, the vertebral body is generally flattened, sometimes rotated…

Since their introduction in 1988, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have become one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide especially for the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (1) Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively suppress gastric acid production by inhibiting the function of H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. (2) Also, the indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) have significantly increased, including GERD. These patients usually tend to be…

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding in women. These benign tumors are composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue. The ultrasound appearance of fibroids varies and depends on their size, location and type of degeneration they may be under-going. In most cases they are asymptomatic but if they grow large can cause symptoms including abnormal and/or heavy bleeding, painful menses, abdominal discomfort, back ache, constipation, and infertility.…

I will be discussing two diseases that require diagnostic test identifying them from the body system. The first disease will be from the cardiovascular system pertaining to congestive heart failure (CHF) and the second will be from hepatobiliary system concerning gallstones. This paper will cover topics such as: certain test that are required; how the test works; the information obtained from the diagnostic test; and does another diagnostic test need to be conducted in order to confirm a…

Pernilla, S.J., Magnus, J., Anita, S. and Kasim, A. (2010). Computed Tomography Measurement of Different Dimensons of Maxillary and Frontal Sinuses. BMC Med Imag Barghout, G., Prior J.O., Lepori, D. Duvoisin B., Schnyder, P., and Gundinchet, F. (2002). Paranasal Sinuses in Children: Size Evaluation of Maxillary, Spheroid and Frontal Sinuses by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proposal of Volume Index Percentile Curves. Euro Radio, Vol.12(6):1451-1458 Ponde, J.M. (2003). Anatomic Variations of…

Image analysis Liver and splenic attenuation measurements in HU were obtained by averaging two 1.0±0.1-cm2 circular region-of-interests (ROIs) placed above and below the main portal vein plane in both the unenhanced and portal venous phase contrast-enhanced images of each patient. To avoid partial-volume averaging effect, special care was taken to avoid measurements from vessels, focal lesions, areas of artifact, or near the edge of organ. Furthermore, only measurements from the posterior half…