Confounding

meditation sessions or nourishment sessions randomly. More importantly, all other procedures were identical for participants in both classes except this random assignment to conditions. Next, the research design was subtle because it controlled for confounding variables carefully, such as using deception to disguise the true purpose of the study in order to reduce motivation and placebo effects, eliminating self-selection effects through random assignment, providing similar teaching facilities…

5. Describe and contrast differences between the following types of studies: (10 points). I. Randomized, prospective, blinded trial: It is the best design among experimental study to establish a practice guideline based on evidence-based medicine. Within this study design the investigator randomly allocated the study participants to either a treatment group who receive the treatment/intervention or to a control group who receive no intervention/ sham treatment, with considering matching…

Dreams have always been a curiosity. How they seem to reflect reality at times but bring us to other worlds at other times is confounding to us. Over the years there have been many theories about dreams and even more questions. What are dreams? How are they formed? How does dreaming affect us? Do our dreams have meaning? Does reality, stress, and trauma factor into our dreams? The answers to these are complicated and still mostly undiscovered, but this essay will cover some of what has been…

Summum bonum is the highest form of good according to the values and priorities in an ethical system. For John Stuart Mill, the summum bonum is happiness. Mill is lead to this belief by regarding happiness as the ultimate aim of humanity – to live a life as free from pain and as rich in enjoyment as possible. This is the ideology of utilitarianism, or Mill’s moral theory that judges the ethicality of an action following its utility. Mill’s argument of chapter 2 of Utilitarianism is defining the…

The controversial debate over the aetiology of sexual orientation often takes a dichotomous stance with one side supporting an innate, biological view, and the other as being acquired environmentally. Recently the focus has shifted towards an exploration into innate, biological origins such as genetics and endocrinology, as potential influences on homosexual development. Society tends to fall into the fallacy of thinking that behaviour is an either-or phenomenon, and that these factors are…

reducing the power, we would still expect to get more statistically significant results from model 3 when compared to model 1 or 2. This is because, even with weak evidence for interaction in model 3, model 3 will be better as it also controls for the confounding effect of…

At first glance it may appear that Herodotus’ account of Egypt is a clear-cut description of the country and what he learned there, intended to educate a Greek audience. However, a closer examination reveals that his intentions and motivations may have been different that originally assumed. The opening passage exemplifies the sort of conflicted view of the Egyptians that the author so frequently presents. Though, at times, he emphasizes their otherness, he seems to admire their achievements and…

‘Theory of mind’ is the idea that humans can interpret and understand the desires of others. Psychologists have argued that the ability to appreciate the minds of others is a fundamental aspect of human development and intelligence. Searching for this same capacity for mind-reading in non-humans has long been an area of interest in Psychology, as this could pave the way for a fuller understanding of intelligence in animals. This essay begins by describing the first study into theory of mind in…

The objective of my study was to examine factors affecting hospice care (HC) use among long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. The study was guided by the following research questions: (a)What are the characteristics of the residents who receive hospice care in LTCFs? (b)What variables may predict the use of HC in LTCF residents? The detailed searching strategies of the integrative review for this study can be found in my last assignment. From the original 2,368 non-duplicate articles selected…

If Jean-Michel Basquiat were alive today, he would be 54 years old; a respective artist sitting comfortably in mid-career, perhaps forgotten, perhaps looking forward to a retrospective or two. Would he have developed his early style, or would he still be producing impulsive, volatile drawings and paintings he did in the 1980s? Who could predict? Basquiat dominated the New York art game in the early 1980s, however, in 1988, leaving more than 1,000 reputable paintings behind him, he overdosed on…