Confounding

If there is a confounding variable then it is required of researchers to account for, or control for, the variable in the research process. An overestimated result would not meet research standards as the data would not be accurate. Being an important issue in US politics…

This experiment has a few problems of control in this situation. To begin with, the main problem is that this experiment lacks validity. What this means is that the experiment that is being conducted is not is not really testing what it is supposed to test (Shuttleworth, M., 2008). The reason is that although the goal is to measure the effects of class size on attendance, the grades measured after one semester is not a good indicator of how many people attended class. This test can be thrown off…

When asked to agree or disagree with the primary statement of this clinical study, “Kids tend to get hyperactive after they’ve eaten lots of sugar,” I could not help but whole heartedly agree. As a summer-long camp counselor, an older sister to two, an early childhood education major, and as a former kid, I can honestly say that sugar does and (still can for me) induce a sense of hyperactivity. Sugar causes a rapid rise in blood sugar, therefore causing an intense increase in activity levels.…

This result leads us to overestimate the relationship between (X) and (Y). In order to account for this potential confounding variable, this experiment must consider a large number of cases with varying effects of political actors (both parties/individuals holding some ideological political power and non-government affiliated individuals). Finally, the problem the of…

Depression is defined as an illness that can affect a person’s attitude or way of thinking. This condition makes a person feel sad or hopeless and if not treated can last for weeks at a time. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), more than fifteen million individuals have suffered from an episode of depression and more than ten percent of adults will continue to suffer for a lifetime. The study I would like to conduct will determine if exercise can be used as a…

In this experiment some subjects were presented the pictures at a shorter amount of time, and the experimenters observed that the subjects who saw the faces for a shorter amount of time rated them as more attractive. Another possible confounding variable that could have undermined the validity of the “cheerleader effect” hypothesis was the possibility that a face was perceived as more attractive in a group because it was surrounded by other faces making similar expressions being from the…

assigned to 2 study groups, where one group receives the treatment being investigated and the control group usually receives a placebo. Random assignment is the most important aspect of this study design. Randomization reduces the potential for confounding by ensuring that chance variation is the only threat to the comparability of the study groups. The Randomized, controlled trials is generally considered best study designs because the process of random allocation allows for comparability of…

Guinn_ENVM510_M7GradedAssign Air Pollution and Birth Outcome Exposure Assessment of Environmental Pollutants Challenges of exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology Environmental epidemiologist is charged with the task of accurately linking environmental hazards to adverse health outcome in order to protect the public. This task has inherent challenges in that, a recorded exposure does not automatically preclude a harmful health outcome. The challenges of exposure assessment…

variable is their mathematical reasoning skill measured by the problem sheet at the end of the experiment. Random assignment is required for two groups to share similar characteristics by chance before the experiment to prevent the intervention of confounding variables. In group A, children are asked to use a selected “math app” two hours per day. In group B, children have no access to similar interactive math apps. After four months, all children need to complete a designed problem sheet, which…

This article examines warning times and its affect on death rates of tornadoes. Simmons and Sutter provide background research on the NEXRAD radar that has improved warnings by upgrading measurements on winds, rainfall and detecting tornadoes. Simmons and Sutter conclude that tornadoes from the past 75 years have been less deadly. Previous research also shows that lead times increased from 5.3 to 9.5 minutes after the invention of the WSR – 88D radar. Background research has indicates shown that…