Conformational isomerism

In the Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of norbornene, water and sulfuric acid were added to the C=C double bond to form norborneol. Sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst, where it was not consumed in the reaction and helped to propel the reaction forward, as it was vital in forming hydronium ion and breaking the double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether the equatorial or axial orientation of the hydroxy group was favored.The setup of the Cold-Finger, and the ability of norborneol to sublime readily allowed for the purification of the crude product to obtain the diastereomeric products exo- and endo-norborneol. Because the products were diastereomers, their physical properties differed and a melting point could be obtained. The melting point was verification of the favored direction of this reaction, and the results from the experiment gravitated towards exo-norborneol. Overall, the mechanism demonstrated in this experiment illustrated the ‘accepted’ or simple mechanistic pathway. In actuality, the acid-catalyzed hydration of norbornene has several other complications that are discussed further along this report. In closer detail, the protonation of water by sulfuric acid when mixed together generated the hydronium ion that was used to protonate the alkene, as well as the bisulfate ion that was used to deprotonate and stabilize water…

The H-NMR also provides important information about the distribution between isoborneol and borneol, the two potential products. As displayed in Figure 4, the only difference between isoborneol and borneol is due to whether the –OH group is in the equatorial or axial position. Given that the most stable compounds form when the largest atom lie in the equatorial position, isoborneol is the more stable structure. Borneol has the –OH group in the axial position (H in the equatorial position),…

INTRODUCTION Conformational isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism whereby the isomers are interconverted by rotations about the single bonds. There be terms used below such as eclipsed conformation, staggered conformation,dihedral angle and a few more. Eclipsed conformation is the conformation whereby the C-H bonds on one carbon is directly aligned with the C-H bonds of the adjacent carbon. When the C-H bond of one carbon bisects the H-C-H bond on the adjacent carbon, it is known as staggered…

SPE7 undergoes promiscuous binding, it has been shown that there are two typical ways that it accomplishes this, induced fit and conformational isomerism3. Induced fit, much like the lock and key process discussed earlier occurs when an enzyme or an antibody binds to its appropriate substrate or antigen13. When this process occurs, the antibody will experience subtle changes in its active site to allow for the antigen to fit into the active site. This induced fit enhances the ability of the…

These two compounds have the same connectivity although they are not identical, therefore they are stereoisomers. Since they are not enantiomers, so they have to be diastereomers. Like itself, substituted cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane additionally experience the chair interconversion. As the figure above shows, axial methyl cyclohexane and equatorial methyl cyclohexane are interconverted by this procedure. Note in this interconversion that a down methyl stays down what's more, an up methyl…