which makes it possible to identify genes that gives rise to phenotypic effects when they are switched off, and also helps to analyze the effects of these genes in cells or complete organisms. The first step in the gene trap process is to integrate an artificially constricted DNA into a genome of a cell line, usually an embryonic stem (ES) cell line. To carry out this…
(finished proteins) together forms the central dogma of modern molecular biology. Thus, the genetic code is the basis of the central dogma of molecular biology. Central dogma is nothing but the flow of genetic information in all living cells including human cells from DNA to RNA to proteins. The central dogma There are three classes of sequential biopolymers that encode information: DNA, RNA, and protein. The central dogma of microbiology describes the ways in which information flows among…
Molds are multi- or unicellular while yeasts are unicellular in structure. Molds grow in the form of tangled mass called the mycelium which is composed of filamentous hyphae while yeasts are spherical or oval-shaped. Molds are colourful while yeast are colourless. Molds can reproduce through small spores sexually or asexually while yeast reproduce asexually by budding or binary fission through mitosis in which a nucleus is divided into two or more nuclei. Mould can grow on food with low pH…
changes in the relative distribution of CD4 and CD8 T cells and cytokine release in the serum. The…
students address during the beginning of the school year in Buffalo? During the beginning of the school year in Buffalo, students will study two parts of Living Environment in 7 weeks. The main topic is about the introduction to the course includes the cell which is the foundation of the study of all living things. The key idea 1 in curriculum, living things are both similar and different from each other from nonliving things. The enduring understanding is that Students will understand and…
the intracellular fluid causes the cell to lyse and expand, destroying the cell and nucleus membrane of the cell. Strawberries are soft and easy to crush using a mortar and pestle. The purpose of pulverizing the strawberries is to destroy the plants cell wall. The cell wall is made up of cellulose, a hard insoluble material that is tough and rigid to protect cells. Physical force was required to break the cell wall and expose the nucleus of the cell. Animal cells are diploid organisms containing…
Describe the structure and function of a lysosome. Lysosomes are a cell organelle, translating as an independent structure within a cell, possessing a specific structure and function. For a lysosome its functions include; digestion of intracellular or extracellular material, nutrition from digested macromolecules and defence/protection from harmful substances. Lysosomes are variable from cell to cell in terms of shape and size but are conventionally spherical or oval shaped, 0.5µm in diameter…
There were five cells observed while conducting the experiment. The five cells consisted of cardiac muscle, elodea (a plant), paramecium (a protist), rhizopus stolonifer (bread mold, a fungus), and Bacterial cells (bacilli). Each cell was observed under high power lens (except for rhizopus stolonifer) with a total magnification of 400μm and a dFOV of 400μm. The estimated object size, scale bar, and drawing magnification of each cell was found except for cardiac muscle. Each cell appeared much…
include disagreements on how humans use animals in biological studies. Xenotransplantation, for example, furthers the use of animals for human benefit. Xenotransplantation, first discovered in the 1900’s, is a method of transplanting live animals cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another. It is becoming more common for animals such as pigs, goats, and monkeys to to be used as organ donors for humans, and it is possible it could save more lives in the future. Yet, Xenotransplantation…
Cells Research Assignment I. Define the following terms CELL NOUN The (usually) microscopic structure, known as a cell. Is the functional and biological unit of all organisms (life forms). INFERENCE NOUN Is a conclusion, idea and/or opinion that is reached on evidence, reasoning and the information that you have. It is simply, an educated guess. Synonyms implication, interpretation, deduction, reasoning, speculation, presumption, assumption. OBSERVATION NOUN 1. An act of viewing,…