Concepts in metaphysics

St Anselm’s ontological argument is based on the premise that God exists through analysis of nature, existence and reality (Ajkin & Hodges 116). A proper understanding and analysis of nature reveals that there is a system that was properly constructed to ensure inter-dependence and correlation. A slight change in one aspect of nature would have led to completely different results. This means that there was and still is a supernatural being that ensures that everything interacts in accordance to…

“Who exactly are we, and what does it even mean to exist?” The answer to this question is undoubtedly very complex and has been tackled by philosophers throughout time. Particularly, it has been discussed in detail by famous philosophers Descartes and Socrates. Both of these philosophers believed in the act of self-awareness. Moreover, Descartes is recognized for his famous line, “Cogito, Ergo Sum,” which is loosely translated to “I think, therefore I am.” Whereas Socrates was famous for his…

Paley’s argument for the Existence of God Paley’s argument is termed the design argument which is solely based on an analogy of a watch. This is that the universe as a whole is complex and there must be an intelligent designer responsible for designing the universe. Just like the watch, the parts come together to fulfill a purpose, and if we have never seen a watch before the complexity or the way the watch was designed would make us conclude that it was made by an intelligent designer. This…

For this summary essay assignment, I’ve chosen One World, Rival Theories by Jack Snyder and Liberalism and World Politics by Michael W. Doyle. One World, Rival Theories states the basics of all three major theories and gives a general idea of liberalism’s main points. Liberalism and World Politics on the other hand gives a detailed explanation of liberalism alone and continues to break down the theory into three separate categories. This helps to fill in some of the gaps in the first article as…

René Descartes in his first three meditations concludes that God exists and is not a deceiver; he is also responsible of all human faculties. In his Fourth Meditation, Descartes explains how one can have the possibility of error under a God who is not a deceiver. If God exists and is not a deceiver, then how do we still make mistakes? In addition, if the faculty of judgment comes from God, why are our judgements not perfect? This complication is known as the Problem of Error. Descartes becomes…

Free will is a term that has been in debate, for many years now and still is a concept of modern philosophy. As this idea of free will can be seen as one thing or another. For example, as in the reading of “Free Will” by Sam Harris it is mentioned how free will is just a delusion and how the belief in free will ties up to all that humans appreciate. Additionally, as others may say that we are the aware source of our ideas and movements in the present. Harris also remarks on the reading how “You…

Utilitarianism is slowly gaining popularity in the world of philosophy as a normative theory and has been stirring up a lot of debate amongst people from all walks of life. Normative theories of ethics work by presenting one key principle as the main criterion on the basis of which a human being's actions are judged to be good or bad. That limits its overall view because it is never that easy to distinguish between the two in a world where all lines are slowly blurring. The principle itself can…

The Sorites Paradox, or the Paradox of the Heap is a paradox which comes in two forms; the many-premise version, and the two-premise version. Both versions lead to the same conclusions but offer different ways to reach that conclusion. This essay will focus on the workings of the two-premise version. The paradox arises as a result of vague predicates (Barker, 2009); demonstrating a problem with human language. This is the idea of human language being excessively vague, and that measurements we…

Teleological Argument According to the William Paley enlighten his essential Teleological Argument and deliver the significant confirmation about the existence of an immortal and it is under consideration in the exceptional cases that is known as the Design argument. In this way to know about the William Paley (1743-1805) previously composed a book that was the named as the NaturalTheology in which to provide the Evidences of the Existence of God further the Attributes of the Deity that is…

101. Why THE THIRD TESTAMENT Equals to PEACE & LOVE? • The Spiritual Science clearly indicates and through incontestable Cosmic Analyses elaborates that “the whole religious instinct in Human Beings is a product of an organic function, which gives rise to a cry for protection, a cry for lasting peace, for culture and happiness, a cry for a higher form of Existence…” Undoubtedly, the religious instinct shows itself in multifold of ways. However, neither through religious worships nor through…