Complement system

Introduction The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues and molecules that protect our body from toxins and microbes in the environment. It serves as our defense against molecules that our body does not recognize as its own. This system contains two divisions: the innate immune system and adaptive immune system. Both systems differ in the types of cells produced and the time and length in mounting a response. Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease including…

attacking many different pathogens within a short-time frame. In simple terms, they are all-purpose and are not defensive against any specific pathogen. Examples of cells that display natural immunity include natural killer cell, granulocytes, and complement protein. Specific immunity In this regard, specific immunity is distinguished by its greater selectivity and lesser speed compared to the natural immune response. In other words, cells that show specific immunity attack a single invader at…

identify changes in global climate or local weather [91] which can be deplored as a possible climate early warning system (67). Patz JA; A human disease indicator for the effects of recent global climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…

complications. Rejection is a common condition of post-surgery due to the induction of immune system against the foreign donor lung. On the contrary, infection is commonly a result from consumption of medication that suppress the immune system. Immunosuppressive drug containing ciclosporin, azathioprine, and corticosteroids or antithymocyte globulin are prescribed to prevent rejection on donor lungs. However, the immune system is weaken and more vulnerable to infectious pathogens. In context of…

Microorganisms possess many virulence factors which are usually decided by their genetic makeup. Not many virulence determinants of bacteria are expressed phenotypically. Capsule is one such bacterial organelle which displays many functions that include adherence, resistance to immune clearance, protection against environmental factors and many others including the typing of bacteria based on their specific capsular antigen and rapid diagnosis of capsulated bacterial infections using…

with a holistic approach in order gain an all-inclusive perspective. Specifically, the following factors will be addressed in the assessment: biological, neurobiological, psychological, social, and the developmental aspects of Emma. Further, the systems theory and the ecological perspective will be employed as methods of explaining presenting issues of the case. Presenting Problems As noted in the case study, Emma was referred to the Family Services Agency by her pediatrician for further…

questions, and explore the complex systems. Archetypes are not used to dictate behavior but to leverage them. Learning to see structures within which we operate begins a process of freeing ourselves from previously unseen forces and ultimately mastering the ability to work with them and change them (Senge, 2006). Systems archetypes or generic structures embody the key to learning to see structures in our personal and organizational lives (Senge, 2006). The systems archetypes reveal an…

Relational Systems Relational systems are the relationships formed between workmates in an organization when they coordinate their tasks, goals, and missions. Moreover, they pertain to the human system, as they are composed of individuals moving towards or away from one other. In fact, they tend to form patterns while interacting or drifting from each other (Kahn, Barton, & Fellows, 2013). Relational systems are also a way through which objectives in an organization are accomplished. Furthermore…

Two frameworks that guide the theory, for the case are systems and medical model. In the systems framework the theory chosen to guide the intervention was the family systems theory. For the medical model the theory that best suits the clients problem is pharmapsychology. Systems framework is a series of related assumptions and postulates about all levels of systems (Turner, 1996). The framework is relevant in that it explains the clients current behavior is a result of a series of outside…

respectively. Thus, T cells are crucially important for both the humoral and cell-mediated responses of adaptive immunity. The adaptive immune response seems to have engrafted specific antigen recognition by highly diversified receptors onto innate defense systems, which have a central role in the effector actions of both B and T lymphocytes. The vital role of adaptive immunity in fighting infection is illustrated by the immunodeficiency diseases and the problems caused by pathogens that succeed…