Comorbidity

1.0 Introduction – What is diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder of chronic hyperglycaemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance and in some cases both which affects people of all ages. The chronic hyperglycaemia causes a range of macro- and microvascular complications. Macrovascular damage leads to increased prevalence of heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease whereas microvascular complications can cause diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and…

Norma Jeane Baker or better know as Marilyn Monroe. Born June 1, 1926 and met an untimely death August 5, 1962. Fifthly plus years after her suspicious death we still wonder, was it an accident overdose or suicide. Who was Marilyn Monroe and what mental illness did she suffer from? A terrible childhood that lead to a successful but pained adulthood. Did she suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, because of the alleged rape as a child? Or was she just like her mother and grandmother and…

Mantelo Cecilio, H. P., Oliveira de Arruda, G., Ferraz Teston, E., Lima Santos, A., & Silva Marcon, S. (2015). Behaviors and comorbidities associated with microvascular complications in diabetes. Acta Paulista De Enfermagem, 28(2), 113-119 7p. doi:10.1590/1982-0194201500020 Mantel et.al (2015) conducted a study to investigate the behavioral factors, prevalence and comorbidities associated with microvascular complications among patients of diabetes mellitus. Cross- sectional study was done…

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic today as people are living longer with the diagnosis. In 2013, it was estimated that over 550,000 new cases of HF arise annually in the United States.1 Globally, the prevalence of HF is over 23 million.1 The American Heart Association defines heart failure as a syndrome resulting from “any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill or eject blood.” 1 In essence, the heart fails to meet the…

An estimated 30 million people of varying ages and genders struggle with an eating disorder in the United States. (Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology, p.343) Why is it that eating disorders are so prevalent in western societies? An answer to that would be because of what the media portrays as normal. The media depicts unrealistic and harmful body standards for both men and women, but predominantly towards women. Slender body types are widespread in every type of media from magazines to movies.…

Stiemer,T. (2002). The Bilogy of fear and Anxiety related behaviours. Dialogues Clin Neurosciv.4(3); 162. Strauss, C.C., & Francis, G. (1987). Comorbidity among childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders, 175, 726730. 163. Suinn, R. M. (1969). The STABS, a measure of test anxiety for behavior therapy: Normative data. Behavior Research and Therapy, 7, 335-339. 164. Syokwaa, K…

blood work, dietary information, medical history, medications list along with exploring his or her will to achieve the goal. The object of patient's focus is the A1C measure, the value determined by the provider according to individuals existing comorbidities. Because of that data, one may effortlessly and accurately define a problem and concentrate on the…

substantial durable weight loss and patients who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB) procedures lose 62% and 47% of excess weight, respectively [1]. Bariatric treatment of obesity also attenuates or resolves comorbidities including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea in greater than 60% of patients [2]. Despite significant improvement in weight and comorbid conditions, there is growing concern that bariatric surgery may…

Bipolar disorder is a documented mental illness that is treatable. This form of manic depression can have positive outcomes if being treated appropriately. It is separated into three groups: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Bipolar NOS. We do not know if there is a significant difference in the effects of a person’s self-representation of themselves, varying which diagnosis. This form of manic depression is not a fabricated disease or a personality problem stemming from an individual’s genetic…

Psychology : Women and Mental Disorders, “Women are diagnosed and treated for mental illness at a higher rate than men. Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed as being agoraphobic, having anxiety, being depressed, or having an eating disorder. Comorbidity is also higher for women. Women are more likely to have three or more psychiatric disorders in their life cycle.” (Lundberg-Love, 2011, p. 19) women have more chance of getting mental disorder than men. Women are more likely to show…