Common-mode rejection ratio

Differential amplifiers are used to amplify only the potential difference across two points (electrodes) and to make sure that noise from the input is not amplified. Firstly we designed a circuit solely using operational amplifiers because this way we had better chance to find and amplify the desired signal for the first time. We chose TL071 amplifiers because of the high gain and low noise (CMRR) characteristics. This circuit configuration is also called instrumentation amplifier. The first stage for the instrumentation amplifier is the input stage or buffer. The second stage is the differential gain amplifier. The input stage gives no common mode gain (no common mode noise) but high input impedance with a gain of G=1 + 2R1/Rg and it also buffers the gain stage. The gain stage has low impedance and gives differential gain using the first stage output as input. The overall gain is G=(1+2R1/Rg) x R4/R3 = 1334 (Note:R3 = R, R4 = R5, R1 = R2) C1 and C2 act as a LPF f= 1/(2piRC)=51.3Hz. Figure 3 shows the circuit design. A 10Hz square signal was used as input for simulation. (Figure 4 and…

displayed in kilograms, while calf size and vertical jumping are displayed in centimeters. There is a slight negative correlation. Meaning, as the body weight/leg circumference ratio increases, the vertical jumping height decreases. The body weight/leg circumference ratio ranged from 1.6 to 2.34 on the x-axis. While vertical jump, displayed on the y-axis, ranged from 24.5 centimeters to 38 centimeters (Figure 6). Figure 7 displays the body weight/leg circumference ratio and vertical jumping. In…

It has been noted that in western countries that the vast majority of criminals hail from immigrant races. The reason behind the conclusion being that most immigrants do not get fair opportunities in the countries. The immigrants are then forced into crime as a matter of survival due to discrimination, poverty and a list of other social issues. In the United States alone the African American community makes up over 13 percent of the country 's population. The African American community makes up…

Victimization Survey; broad-spectrum interviews of delinquents; Census interviews; marital patterns; religious or faith data; medical-intervention records; and psychosocial observation in the form of treatment, one may be able to create a better understanding in the patterns of delinquency. Unfortunately, research-to-date is small in comparison to the magnitude of influence. The relationship between parenting (disciplinary practice) and family (background) with delinquency is far too…

Attempts to state the problem, ask questions, contemplate existing knowledge, gather facts Proposes hypothesis to explain the facts that are believed to be logically related to the problem Deduces outcomes or consequences of the hypothesis, attempts to discover if the results support the expectations Formulate several rival hypothesis Devises and conducts an empirical test with various possible outcomes, each of which excludes one or more hypothesis Draw a conclusion based on acceptance and…

The NPV is: NPV = –$53,386,912 + ($6,700,000/.1123) NPV = $6,251,949 23. We can use the debt-equity ratio to calculate the weights of equity and debt. The weight of debt in the capital structure is: XB = .85 / 1.85 = .4595, or 45.95% And the weight of equity is: XS = 1 – .4595 = .5405, or 54.05% Now we can calculate the weighted average flotation costs for the various percentages of internally raised equity. To find the portion of equity flotation costs, we can multiply the equity…

15-9 The stand-alone cost-allocation method uses information pertaining to each user of a cost object as a separate entity to determine the cost-allocation weights. The incremental cost-allocation method ranks the individual users of a cost object in the order of users most responsible for the common costs and then uses this ranking to allocate costs among those users. The first-ranked user of the cost object is the primary user and is allocated costs up to the costs of the primary user as a…