Common-ion effect

used was the unknown due to the need to test its physical and chemical qualities. When a solution of the unknown was made, 1.000 g of the unknown and 1.0 mL of water was used to make it. To test for the possible ions, 1.0 mL of silver nitrate and 1.0 mL of nitric acid were used for the ion test. Ammonium chloride and calcium chloride were the two compounds that were tested on to see if either were the unknown compound. After obtaining a balanced chemical equation that would allow for the…

After the experiment was conducted and the data was analyzed the cation in the solution was proven to affect the color of the flame. The cation in each of the solutions are calcium, copper, lithium, and potassium. The two salt solutions that have calcium as its cation are Calcium Chloride and Calcium Nitrate. When you compare those two solutions you can see that both of their flames turned orange. The two salt solutions with chloride as their anion were Calcium Chloride and Lithium Chloride.…

The D-glucose serves to reduce the silver from Ag1- to Ag1+. The sodium citrate first reduces Ag1+ to Ag, and then functions to bind with the particle surface of silver nitrate particles to allow them to interact. Finally, silver nitrate can aggregate. The silver nitrate combined with D-glucose, sodium citrate, and heat forms an aggregate. The citrate binds with the particle coating and dispels the repulsion between silver nitrate nanoparticles. The nanoparticles then form an aggregate-- a loose…

Blue is psychologically at the border of suicide. (podcast tip sound effects taste) Colors affect our psychology. Food establishments use yellow and red because of the powerful effects. Pink shows a strong affects to physical athletes, improving aggression and response time. While it also makes you score lower on tests. The most interesting of the colors though, is the most common. You know the one. The invented one. If you are not familiar. Its from a Radiolab podcast but based on the book…

Precipitation reaction, or otherwise known as double-replacement reaction, is one of the three common types of chemical reactions along with decomposition and combustion. A simple definition for the precipitation reaction would be “atoms from two different compounds switch places” (Lew 40). This means that one of the reactant’s molecule “trades” places with another from another compound to form products, like a precipitate, hence the term double-replacement. A precipitate is usually a solid…

It did this because the chlorine ion of HCl was able to bond with silver or lead, leaving the other cation in the liquid solution that was decanted and set aside for Part B.1 In Step 5, the sample with either silver or lead was heated in a water bath. This step was essential as heating the solution broke any ionic bonds within the…

The positive Na+ ions were attracted to the oxygen (negative) end of the water molecules, and the negative Cl- ions were attracted to the hydrogen (positive) end of the water molecules. As an end result, the ionic bond between the sodium and the chloride was broken. CuSO4(s) ⇔ Cu+2(aq) + SO4-2(aq) Like the sodium chloride, the copper sulphate was split into its individual ionic components. The positive Cu+2 ions were attracted to the oxygen (negative) end of the…

Title Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Introduction Chemical formulas imply the arrangement of compounds. Empirical formulas are the simplest whole number ratio of the elements present in a compound (Owen, 2014). However, the actual amount of each type of atom that a compound is consisted of is called the molecular formula. For that reason, the deduction of the empirical formula and the molar mass of a compound is required to determine the molecular formula of the compound.…

3.2. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface of Pyrazolooxazines. The correlation between the molecular structure and the physicochemical property of molecules, including biological molecules and MESP-based drugs, to distinguish electron rich zones (electrophilic attack) from electron-poor ones (a nucleophilic attack) 16, 17. We represent in this study the molecular surface of the electrostatic potential (MESP), the electrostatic potential (ESP) and the electron density (ED). MESP is a…

all have the same orientation, and they face the same direction, rather like a pyramid being stacked up. This orientation creates a layered stacking, which follows an “ABC” sequence. In the same fashion as the above, a model for wurtzite, the less common polymorph, has also been constructed (Figure 2). This model shows how the tetrahedrons following the hexagonal form are rotated between layers, and these are represented by the different shades of colour. Instead of the above sequence, the…