Combustion

powering fuel, although citing the prohibitive cost involved, however the introduction of the legislation forced many automakers to seek innovation into alternate ways of the automobile powering fuel with efficient and effective engines with internal combustion to reduce pollution to the environment. A research by Mckinsey & Company (August 2013) customer demands and regulation for emission and safety have added cost unlikely to be passed to consumers, product differentiation is aligned to…

The early automobiles weren 't initially thought of as convenient transportation or as a positive innovation. People were skeptical of automobiles due to the dangers that potentially came with them. Before automobiles, people were accustomed to using horses to get around, which were safer but definitely not as fast as cars. An automobile typically has four wheels and can hold 1-6 people, depending on the vehicle. Cars that use gasoline are powered by an engine that allows it to move and can vary…

alternative to the use of fossil fuel in combustion engines, especially in individual transportation, has grown with ups and downs over time. Increased awareness of climate change and global warming have enforced the so called hydrogen energy transition, which describes the significant change from the dominant oil based technologies towards the use of hydrogen as a clean fuel in transportation. Although hydrogen could be used instead of fossil fuel in combustion engines, its replacement by a…

air is compressed first, and then the fuel is injected. Because air heats up when it's compressed, the fuel ignites. Diesel engines do not contain spark plug, that makes it intake air and compress it, and then it injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber (direct injection). It is the heat of the compressed air that lights the fuel in a diesel engine. This process typically enables the engine to deliver 25 to 30 percent better fuel economy than similarly performing gasoline engines.…

Heat Recovery Steam Generator is a part of a power plant, which generates steam. The heat recovery steam generator used a gas turbine to operate, by using the flue (gas) from the exhaust of the gas turbine Figure 1. The heat exchanges process occurs between the boiler and exhaust gas, which is used to heat water in a boiler to raise the pressure of the steam. [1] In addition, the gas turbine is used for power source due to it has some advantages such as can be started quickly, can be easily…

Federal standards dictate how much pollution autos may emit, and automakers decide how to achieve the pollution limits. The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas recirculation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides. The advent of "first generation" catalytic converters in 1975 significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The use of…

transportation was in the form of a horse and buggy. The arrival of automobiles opened a new world for society. Automobile’s beginning The history of the automobile began in the 1700’s with the invention of motor powered cars in Europe. Steam, combustion and the electrical motor had been tested by the 1800’s but they failed in comparison to the gas powered motor. The start of the century was new beginning for the automobile. The automobile which previously only the rich could afford was…

sources of motive power, steam, electric, an internal combustion which was the least dependable. Steam power proved to be successful. Stanley Steamer broke the record when he drove 127mph in 1906. Electric cars were more effective in the cities. They were quiet and reliable. Electric cars were mostly used for urban taxicab. There was also electric fire trucks which drove a moderate speed to get to the destination in 1922. The internal combustion engine dominated because it went longer in…

Recycling 4(1990) 203–213. 2) S.Murugan, M.C.Ramaswamy, G.Nagarajan, “The Use of Tire Pyrolysis Oil in Diesel Engines”. Waste Management, Volume 28, Issue 12, December 2008, Pages 2743-2749 3) M.Mani ,C,subash,G.Nagarajan "performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Using Waste Plastic Oil” Applied Thermal Engineering, volume 29, Issue 13, September 2009, Pages…

Nikolaus Otto was a german engineer who created the first internal combustion engine and invented the four-stroke cycle, which is now called the Otto Cycle. This changed the world by providing an alternative to the steam powered engine. If Otto had not developed an engine that would run on gas we would not have cars that function so efficiently today. Little detail about Otto’s experiments and his interest with engines comes from the love letters Anna Gossi ,his long term girlfriend, wrote to…