Column chromatography

(High Performace Liqud Chromatography) is a vast system which involves the use of a mobile and stationary phase to separate materials. The stationary phase is usually a column packed with solids (usually silica gel) while the mobile phase is usually a solvent or a mixture of various solvents. The mobile phase usually, is the carrier of test sample which has to be completely soluble/dissolved in the mobile phase. This mixture is then made to flow through the chromatographic column (stationary…

alleged sticky bandit. The note was sent to the Tempe CSI Crime Lab for further analysis. Blaine Benson, head of the Tempe Crime Lab, has reported that paper chromatography will be used to identify the pen the bandit used. Pens from local syrup competitors were collected as evidence to compare to the ink used in the note. Paper chromatography is a common practice used to separate the colored components in the ink. The Rf value or the retention factor is the ratio of the distance traveled by the…

The purpose of this experiment was to identify the generic name of the unknown drug through thin-layer chromatography analysis. By comparing the Rf values obtained from each TLC plate, it was deduced which components were present in the unknown drug. Through comparison of Table 1 and Table 2, Unknown A was identified as B.C. Tablets. Salicylamide was evident in the unknown substance due to the distinct blue color that was present in both the unknown spot and the salicylamide spot; the similar Rf…

Isolation of Component Via Extraction Objective: Separation of organic acid from a neutral compound using liquid/liquid extraction. Experimental: Similar to the “Thin Layer Chromatography” experiment, a TLC plate was ran with 2 ml of EtOAc and 8 mL of hexane in the jar. The Rf value was calculated using the formula located in the data for all the TLC plate. The mixed compound that was dotted on the TLC plate had 0.300 g of the impure benzoic acid and 10 mL of dichloromethane. A 50 mL flask…

• Describe ossification in fetal development. During development, the fetal bones are made up of cartilaginous tissue, which is like osseous tissue, except it is more flexible. The absence of calcium salts in its intercellular spaces makes it less dense. As development continues, the process of the depositing of calcium salts into the cartilaginous tissue occurs, and continues throughout their life. Ossification is the gradual replacement of cartilage and its intercellular substance by bone…

Optokinetic and electromagnetic systems are widely used in laboratory settings to monitor three -dimensional (3-D) motion. These systems are accurate, but they have certain limitations like high cost, more space requirements and set–up issues. These limitations make them impractical for use at home[2].Miniature movement sensor modules[10] use accelerometers, rate gyroscopes and magnetometers to estimate 3-D orientation. These devices are more complicated and delicate to use at home by a…

There are multiple forms of flexibility testing that can be used created on the general outcome you are looking to achieve. These tests can range from Trunk and Lower Body (hamstring test, Straight Leg Raise, Modified Thomas Test, V-Sit test, Kraus Webber Floor Touch Test, Groin Flexibility test, calf muscle flexibility test, Trunk Rotation Test, Sit and reach, Back scratch test V sit-and-reach test) to upper body consisting of Shoulder Flexion (Shoulder Stretch, Back Scratch Test, Shoulder…

The biggest differences between the vertebrae in the spine, are shape and secondary functionality. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest, they are the most flexible allowing the biggest range of head movement. The only vertebra containing no vertebral body, the axis, is located in the cervical vertebrae. Thoracic vertebrae are mid sized, and the physical shape of the thoracic vertebrae are the most rigid because they connect the ribcage and torso to the spine. Thoracic vertebrae are the only…

Scoliosis is an ailment that affects the spine. The article “Assessment and Treatment of Scoliosis” focuses on three main questions. How should the GP assess a child with scoliosis? What is the natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? What is likely to happen to patients referred to orthopedic surgeons (Assessment, 2002)? After learning about the causes, history, and about referrals to orthopedic surgeons the article focuses on treatment options. The next step of the article is…

The spinal cord is ¾ of an inch wide and 42-45 centimeters in length. It extends inferiorly from the medulla oblongata to the inferior border of the L1 vertebrae. The spinal cord is divided into 5 parts that house the 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The cervical part is the superior part of the spinal cord. It contains neurons whose axons contribute to the 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves. The thoracic part lies inferior to the cervical part. It houses the neurons for the 12 pairs of thoracic spinal…