Column chromatography

cellular immune response by an immunotherapeutic vaccine, CpG modified with an amine group on either the 3’ end or the 5’ end were conjugated to the model tumour antigen OVA. OVA was first purified from aggregates by preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and then conjugated onto CpG using a bis-aryl-hydrazone…

compression and use in urea synthesis. 4) Ammonia recovery Gases purged from the ammonia synthesis loop and gases collected during ammonia decompression are mixed and sent to the ammonia recovery system. Here the gas mixture is introduced at the bottom of a column and passed up through a counter-current of cold water. 96% of the ammonia in the gas is absorbed by the water, leaving a gas mixture that is used as a fuel gas to heat the primary reformer. The ammonia is distilled out of the…

notatum. Fleming observed that the growth of staphylococci had been inhibited in the area immediately surrounding the mold, suggesting that the mold secreted an antibacterial compound (Figure 3). The compound was isolated in 1939 through alumina column chromatography by Sir Howard Florey and Ernst Chain. In 1941, Florey and Chain investigated the clinical use of penicillin to combat bacterial infection in humans. Albert Alexander was the first patient to be treated with penicillin for a…

for 30 min at room temperature. Then, trypsin/chymotrypsin- digested samples of KPNB1 obtained from the UV-crosslinking experiments with various concentrations of compound 1 were analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The tandem mass spectra of the trypsin/chymotrypsin-digested KPNB1-compound 1 adducts showed 10 peptides coupled to compound 1 (Table S1, the Supplementary Information). Among these adducts, we found that the amounts of three of the products,…

Introduction Tobacco use is one of the major threats to human health which kills nearly 6 million people each year with an estimated 8 million deaths in the year 2030. More than 2,500 chemicals are found in tobacco and its smoke, among which terpenoids and alkaloids are the major groups [1]. Though there is clinical uncertainty about the carcinogenic property of nicotine, evidences have proved nicotine as the main psychoactive agent responsible for the development of tobacco dependence [2, 3].…

In this study, we developed an anthracene-based fluorescence PET sensor (AMG) was developed for detecting high pH values and water content in organic solvents. A guanidine group as a proton receptor was covalently attached to an anthracene fluorophore to afford highly polar AMG, with reasonable solubility in highly basic solution. The fluorescence of AMG increased almost linearly with decreasing pH in the range 11.0–13.0. AMG also exhibited a fluorescence turn-on response to water in various…

gender and the sample is then immediately secured. The urine sample is then taken to a secure lab where up to 6000 other samples will be analysed during an Olympic games. The samples are then analysed using gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy or by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A mass spectrometer produces ions from the sample being analysed. Next, the ions are separated in accordance to their mass, it uses electronic and magnetic fields to measure the weight of these…

Over the last few decades technology has made great progress in the medical field, helping to discover new treatments and cures for problems affecting the human body. Anti-biotics are being used to fight off infection, multiple radiation beams are being used instead of just one for tumor treatment to help patients avoid harmful radiation, and many more that were thought impossible just a short while ago. But even in cases where there is still no definitive cure, technology has advanced so much…

1-[Cyano(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]cycloalkanol (VF-I) synthesized through the reaction of p-methoxyphenylacetonitrile and cyclohexanone using aq. NaOH and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as PTC. NaBH4 and CoCl2 in 2:1 THF: H2O used for the reduction of VF-I to obtain 1-(2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cyclohexanol (VF-II). Further, venlafaxine derivative of the amino acid -carboxamide (VFCA-I toVII ) synthesized through coupling of N-Phthaloyl amino acid chloride derivative (2a-2g-…

filtration. A mixture of performic acid and phenol was used for Oxidation at 0°C. Hydrolysates of the sample were then adjusted to pH 2.2 using 7.5M sodium hydroxide sol. Amino acid analyzer based on ion exchange chromatography was used to separate amino acids. Amino acids were determined by Post column derivatization of amino acids with ninhydrin and photometric detection was taken at 570 nm and 440 nm for…