Column chromatography

A small burette funnel was filled with column packing solvent at mobile phase, high boiling petroleum, in this case hexane (and then 10%acetone hexane mixture), and Alumina as stationary phase. When adding the sand and the alumina they have to be first mixed with the hexanes in order not to disturb the column. The Lycopene is Red- Orange and more attracted to alumina due to its high degree of Unsaturation, which can be expected to be eluted after Yellow-Orange Carotene pigments. And the other…

prepared by the method of Wipf’s protocol*) from methyl N-acyl glycine methyl esters in the presence of Et3N in DCE with PPh3 and I2 at room temperature for 19-24hr. These reactions proceeded in mild condition and gave 2x to 80-97% yield by column chromatography. Then, we attempted to apply the method of Friedel–Crafts acylation in order to synthesis of acylated oxazoles from 5-methoxy -2-phenyl oxazole (*). The normal conditions which used Lewis acid such as AlCl3 or TiCl4 with TFAA in DCE…

PCR History The invaluable molecular technique known as PCR, or the polymerase chain reaction, was discovered by a biochemist named Kary Mullis. Mullis was doing research in the early 1980s at a biotechnology company in California when he initially thought of the idea regarding PCR. PCR was developed by a combination of several techniques already in existence; the synthesis of oligonucleotides and their utilization to synthesize new copies of DNA that were specific using DNA polymerases. Mullis…

9999). All the data presented represent the mean of, at least, three determinations. 3.5 High Performance Liquid Chromatography Monitoring of stability of L-NNA was performed using HPLC on a Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) system that was equipped with a SIL-10AD auto injector, DGU-20A5 degasser, LC-20AT …, SPD-M10A diode array detector and CTO-10AC column oven. A 5µm, C8 4.6 mm x 250 mm column (…) was used, controlled at 40C. Gradient elution was used with 95% acetonitrile and 5% acidified MilliQ…

Reactor.  GOS production in continuous Reactor. Immobilized Enzyme Reactor. Formation of GOS with immobilized enzyme was studied in a recycle batch fixed-bed reactor. For this purpose Take small amount of cotton cloth (approximately 4.5g) in a glass column reactor (whose diameter =9mm) with a water jacket which maintained temperature constant at 40*C. ↓ Take solution of lactose in flask (50ml total volume of solution).…

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition of which there is currently no cure. The main pathological feature of the disease is degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons within the brain, primarily in the Pars Compacta region of the Substantia Nigra (SN). This is thought to be a result of the formation of soluble aggregates of α-synuclein known as ‘Lewy Bodies’ in the neurones of PD patients, which can be clearly seen in various regions of the brain upon post mortem…

Vaccination is the process of injecting antigenic material to stimulate immune response. Conventional vaccines insert attenuated or killed infectious agent, such as virus or antigenic protein, into the body to stimulate immune system to develop immunity against the pathogen. However, this type of vaccines has some weakness. For example, attenuated virus may suddenly become very active in the body and cause disease instead of stimulating immune response. Conventional vaccines also unable to…

and the rest is eluted off the column, as reflected in the FT lane. In this stage, most of the undesired protein is removed. For Wash 1, Wash 2, and Wash 3, every last bit of undesired protein is eluted of the column. However, in Wash 2, there is a small amount of the MBP-AP protein that was eluted off the column, which mean be caused by human errors such as cross contamination. Finally, in Elution 1 and Elution 2, elution buffer was used to elute MBP-AP off the column, resulting in a strong…

fraction, 4-5 drops of Hager’s reagent (saturated solution of picric acid) was added and observed for the presence of yellow precipitate formation. Vinblastine and methanol was used as positive and negative control respectively. 4.5 Thin Layer chromatography…

2.2. Methods 2.2.1. Preparation of econazole nitrate nanoparticles The econazole nanoparticles were prepared by nano-spray drying technique. Weighed amounts of econazole nitrate, carriers and stabilizers (table 1) were dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) followed by spraying through the Buchi® nano-spray dryer B-90 (Büchi Labortechnik, Switzerland). The nano-spray dryer was operated using inert loop B-295 system (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) operated using nitrogen gas with flow rate of…