Cogito ergo sum

INTRODUCTION Can machines have consciousness? A 2013 Spike Jonze’s film entitled “Her” reintroduces the age-old idea of conscious, intelligent computer programs, a theme regularly explored in science fiction. In the movie, the intelligent operating system dubs herself Samantha, and appears, for all intents and purposes, to be human, lifelike with the apparent capability to retain autonomy, to learn, to feel emotions, to have personality growth. This is indicative that we equate “being human” or…

Descartes and Hume on the Self In order to understand Rene Descartes’ exposition of the self, it is necessary to begin with his Dream Argument. Essentially, this consists of the claim that there is no way to determine whether a particular experience is actually happening or is instead a dream (Bramann). Different experiences can vary in their vividness; indeed, there can be some dreams that seem to be happening with more authenticity than actual events that pass on the timeline. One can wake…

Existence of mankind and the extent of human knowledge in terms of reality has been a debatable issue from the time of Greek philosophers till present. The Matrix is a science fiction movie which illustrates the human existence being deceived in a dream world which is far off from the real world. The matrix as in the name of the movie is defined as the dream world, where humans are deceived by the Artificial Intelligence (AI). Throughout the movie, the main character Neo has always questioned…

If one were to examine the history of human civilization, they would be certain to find one continuity: the existence of law. From the ancient state of Babylon to the United States of America, citizens find themselves bound by certain rules and regulations. The laws set forth by our government tell us what to do, what not to do, and give us incentives to act in a “proper manner.”Ideally law fosters order in society.However,because of the imperfect nature of our world, law and order do not always…

I think that if 'cogito ergo sum ' is the foundation of Descartes ' project in the Meditations, the existence of God is the cornerstone that joins the internal and the external world, making knowledge possible beyond the sole account of the self. Therefore, God 's existence has a major role in the overall argument - it is that which enables the thinker to take the first steps towards the 'unification of sciences '. However, in my opinion, it is not employed correctly, as Descartes, in…

Epistemology is the theory of knowledge which aims to answer the question “How do we know?” In epistemology, we study nature, source, limits and validity of all knowledge. More specifically, epistemology considers the question “What is Knowledge?” and how does one obtain knowledge. Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of specific aspects of truth, belief and justification. Knowledge acquisition can be obtained through epistemology through a rationalism or empiricism approach. I will…

B. Other senses cannot doubt our movements. III. Evil GeniusA. He is clever and deceitful and powerful. B. He directed his efforts to mislead us. C. Put all the knowledge about things as a deceptive gamesMeditation 2 I. Existence of the Self(Cogito Ergo Sum)A. Nothing is certain that has existed in our mindsB. If there is a deceiver(Evil Genius), if he can deceive me, It means that I exist. C. If I am certain that I am really existing, I have only this knowledge of my own existencethat I know of…

The mystery of what embodies "knowledge" is as old as philosophy itself. The Gettier Problem, refuting the JTB (justified true belief) account, has been a historical and on-going debate in the epistemological field. In simplistic terms, knowledge is understood as an awareness or understanding of something, such as facts, information, descriptions or skills, which are acquired through experience, perceiving, discovering, learning or intuiting. Consequently, truth is understood as a verified or…

The beginning of the seventeenth century would become later known as the “Scientific Revolution”, for the drastic changes that occurred, in the sciences of European countries during that time period. The word “revolution” which depicts a time of uprisings and great change in society is akin the drastic change that occurred during the beginning of the seventeenth century. The Scientific Revolution is a historians’ way of summing up a slew of historical phenomenon and developments that were not…

The Renaissance was probably one of the most known epochs in human history. But what most don’t know about is the Baroque Era and the Enlightenment Era. There were a lot of events that occurred during this time period that make it slightly different than the Renaissance, and a lot of it had to do with social aspects. One of the most controversial events that was happening was the Thirty Years’ War. According to the textbook, it took place “from 1618 to 1648, a series of wars raged throughout…