Cofactor

degrading the newly formed ECM. It is observed that the MMPs are highly over expressed in case of diabetic wounds. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate molecule that is capable of binding to divalent ions like Zn2+, Ca2+. These divalent ions are the major cofactors for MMP activity. Thereby the binding of these divalent ions by alendronate will inhibit the activity of the over expressed MMPs and thereby enable in the faster healing of chronic diabetic wounds. 2. How can the alendronate and…

Enzyme testing is required to diagnose PDD and to distinguish it from similar conditions (Frye, 2014). Treatment is generally aimed at stimulating the pyruvate complex or providing an alternative source of energy for the brain. Cofactor Supplements containing thiamine, carnitine and lipoic acid is the most common form of treatment, as it optimizes PDC function, facilitates fatty acid transport and increases ATP production (Brown, 2012). Ketogenic diets with restricted carbohydrate…

support to hinder cold and calcium induced depolymerization. Paclitaxel is unique because it contains a binding site specifically for a microtubule polymer as an anti-cancer agent. Paclitaxel has the ability to polymerize tubulin in the absence of cofactors such as guanosine triphosphate. The microtubule cytoskeleton reacts to paclitaxel by reorganizing, thus allowing stable bundles of microtubules to form. Paclitaxel mitotically arrests cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle resulting in the…

Question 1 What are her risk factors for developing a VTE? (Identify all factors) Answer to Question 1 The risk factors that predisposes Mrs. X to develop a venous thromboembolism (VTE) are: advanced age, malignancy (cholangiocarcinoma), trauma (multiple falls), and recent major livery surgery (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048-1050). Patients who are in their advanced ages are at risk in developing a VTE due to slower blood flow in their veins (Schwartz & Rote, 2014, p. 1048). Additionally,…

2005; Haas and Gilmore, 1999). 2.2 Gelatinase: Gelatinase is a metalloproteinase with zinc as its cofactor for enzymatic action and encoded by non-plasmid potential virulent gelE gene and possesses hydrolytic activity (Lindenstrau et al., 2011). Gelatinase also be produced by various cells of mammalian system such as epithelial cells, inflammatory cells…

Zn is an essential element for microorganisms and higher organisms because it is involved in many vital cellular reactions at its low endogenous concentrations, acting as a cofactor needed for catalytic and structural activities [36, 37]. Zn ion concentrations of 10-5-10-7 M are required for optimal bacterial growth of most microorganisms in vitro [38]. However, it is claimed that high zinc ion concentrations may have some antibacterial…

As Bayry et al explains in their journal article antibodies from healthy immune groups will somehow bind to heme and acquire the ability to recognize multiple antigens. It was originally thought that all antibodies bonded to their individual antigens in a lock and key sort of function. However, several similar studies, such as the experiment performed by Bayry et al, have led to a much different consensus. It has now been determined that many antibody molecules are capable of changing its…

QXT2- Task 6 “No man is an island no man stands alone”, no entity on Earth can survive without interacting with abiotic factors. Organisms strive daily for survival. Their survival is predicated on receiving enough energy and nutrients to carry out metabolism and maintain homeostasis. Survival of a species is determined by the fitness of an organism within its environment and how successful it is at passing its genes on to its progeny. When examining the interactions that must be carried out…

As an essential factor to sustain life and the ultimate protector within numerous industries, the element zinc exists as a crucial factor within the world’s scientific realm. This bluish-white, lustrous metal was previously used in various industrial alloys and for medicinal purposes as early as 2,500 years ago by the Romans and Palestinians (“Zinc,” 2016). Greater rates of zinc production then began in India during the 13th century by heating mineral calamine with wool, yet no reference to it…

Fish have a unique position with respect to their taxonomic and phylogenic status among vertebrates and occupy an important place in vertebrate’s genealogy. Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary (1 – 2 ºC) as ambient temperatures change. Majority of siluroid fish are economically important for human consumption. Protein and vitamins content in fish flesh varies from high to moderate and make it as rich source of protein diet. Fishes of siluroid…