Clostridium

INTRODUCTION Microbes are those microscopic organisms that can cause diseases in the human body. These microbes migrate with locomotive organelles called FLAGELLA, a very vigorous nanomotor that is highly conserved across bacterial species. Flagella allow the microbes to move towards favourable environments. Further studies on flagella has revealed that it not only serves the purpose of locomotion but also plays a very crucial role in bacterial pathogenicity(14). A flagella has mainly three…

prevalence of hospital acquired infections is significantly higher than desired within the Australian Hospitals. In 2012, it was found that around 165,000 people had contracted infections whilst in hospital, these infections included, urinary tract, clostridium difficile, infections at surgical sites, respiratory and staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (Ramalho Cataeo, De Freitas e Silva, Pereira Feitosa, Couto Pimentel, & Dos Sanos Pereira, 2013). These infections can have a severe effect on a…

People have known about abortion for many years. Some might be against it while others might believe it is for the better of the mother. For those who do not know what abortion is, it is the process where a person terminates a baby that is in the womb and usually occurs within the first 28 weeks. Teenagers who have had sex and accidently gotten pregnant or women who may die during childbirth normally have abortions. There are some though, that do it just so they do not have to take…

Question 4 Answer: Smoking damages the whole body, but for this answer, I am going to focus on smoking and the changes to our respiratory tract, skin blood vessels and antioxidant levels. Respiratory tract: “(1) Nicotine constricts terminal bronchioles, which decreases airflow into and out of the lungs. (2) Carbon monoxide in smoke binds to hemoglobin and reduces its oxygen-carrying capability. (3) Irritants in smoke cause increased mucus secretion by the mucosa of the bronchial tree and…

Silver nanoparticles have unique antimicrobial properties. They have a variety of applications: diagnostics, wound healing, pharmaceuticals, etc. These nanoparticles destroy bacterial cells walls and interrupt membrane integrity by their electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged bacterial cell walls [10]. Metal nanoparticles are usually synthesized by chemical techniques which is costly and highly toxic. Currently, there is a growing demand for alternative methods that would limit the…

To begin, a little history lesson on the development of this magical drug may be helpful. As early as 1895, the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum, was identified. In the 1920’s Botulinum Toxin Type A was isolated in a purified form. In 1946, the purified Botulinum Toxin Type A was transformed into a crystalline form so that further research of the molecule could be studied. In the 1950’s it was discovered that when the Botulinum Toxin Type A was injected into a hyperactive muscle it blocked the…

rate of urinary tract infections by one per one thousand patients and an increase in surgical site infections by two per one thousand patients. Additionally, other studies have shown increasing nurse to patient ratios leads to increase amounts of clostridium difficile, central line associated blood stream infections, and ventilator associated pneumonia due to nurses not being…

My internship took place in Sioux City, Iowa, at a local restaurant that goes by the name of Minerva’s. Minerva’s has multiple locations, where it started in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The restaurant itself is considered an Americano, which serves a variety of dishes from different cultures. The position in which I worked was in the back of the kitchen. I did not get the chance to work on the line as much was I would have liked, where the plates are put together, during my internship. I mainly…

Stress causes a decrease in Bacteroides, an increase in Clostridium organisms, an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an increase in epithelium permeability in the gastrointestinal tract (Galland, 2014). In addition, it has been noted that the brain-gut-microbiota axis works in both directions, indicating…

Term Paper: The Effects of Foodborne Illness of Escherichia coli in Leafy Greens Introduction Food is a necessary and many times pleasurable part of everyday life. Bacteria are also a necessary part of everyday life, but not often thought of as pleasurable. Humans are made up of approximately 103 cells, and harbor about 104 bacteria cells (Davis 1996). It is shocking that the human body hosts more bacteria cells than its own body composition. Fortunately, most of these bacteria that live on…