Clinical trial protocol

The violations that Natural Balance caused are the Clayton Act and Robinson-Patman Act. These acts prohibit price discrimination. Price discrimination occurs when a seller charges various prices to different buyers for “commodities of like grade and quality, with the result being reduced competition or a tendency to create a monopoly” (Twomey & Jennings, 2014, p. 83). Natural Balance’s business in Mexico is not legal and ethical, until they know if they require special licensing for exporting…

Hypnosis first began as mesmerism in the late 1700s. This practice has existed for centuries, but it has only recently been shown to have scientific benefits. The science behind hypnosis shows that it can reduce anxiety, stress and pain. Despite its scientific backing, many in the mainstream still do not accept hypnosis as a valid therapy. This technique is not magic or brainwashing. It uses the same trance-like state of concentration that people experience while driving or becoming deeply…

the success and scientific evidence, some people still consider vaccines harmful. This belief has lead to a decline in vaccination rates and negative publicity towards vaccines. To ensure the safety of vaccines, vaccines must go through extensive clinical tests before…

The origin of The Food and Drug Administration can be traced in 1848 at the Patent Office, when Lewis Caleb Beck was examining chemicals in agricultural products. Yet, The Food and Drug Administration began with the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act. Upton Sinclair, Samuel Hopkins, and the Chief Chemist of the Bureau of Chemistry in the Department of Agriculture, Harvey Washington Wiley, were able to express the needs for the act in The Jungle. This final push was exactly what was…

have held various clinical and research positions in leading academic institutions. I gained substantial clinical competencies in hematology-oncology combined with robust knowledge of basic Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Thanks to my broad expertise, I can easily comprehend scientific information and effectively provide guidance to both clinical and scientific partners. I have extensive knowledge of scientific, statistical, policy, and ethical aspects of clinical trials…

Creativity and the process of innovation are fertile grounds for psychological research, with applications spanning education, the arts, business and science. Last year, the U.S. Supreme Court took up the topic of creativity in the context of patent law. The case, Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., revisited a long-observed legal prohibition on patenting the "laws of nature" and illustrates one of the many ways in which law, particularly intellectual property law, can…

Another factor that may influence prolactinomas evolution is their natural history. Koppelman et al studied 25 women with untreated hyperprolatinemia for a mean period of 11.3 years. Seven of 22 patients with amnorreia resumed menses spontaneously. Galacthorrea resolved completely in 8 of 19. At the reevaluation, mean PRL levels decrease from 225 µg/L, to 155 µg /L. One patient had a slight progression of sellar abnormality. (G) Sisam et al (H) found that nearly 55% of 38 patients with untreated…

The authors of this study pursued to evaluate the expansion and restructuring of Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT) beyond a single language card game exercise. Therapies that demonstrate efficacy in patients with chronic aphasia consist of intensity, involving the caregiver, and the transfer of behavior training to everyday life. CIAT-II encompasses all of these components. The authors address feasibility and treatment efficacy of CIAT-II. Participants in the study consisted of four…

Once merely seen as a hoax of random differences in alternating clinical trials, the Placebo Effect is now seen as scientifically measurable,1 as it is the study of the environmental context of the patient that affects them through psychological mechanisms.2 Most commonly the research surrounding this complex anomaly have been around neurobiological mechanisms of pain and analgesia.2 “Overall, the placebo effect appears to be a very good model to understand how a complex mental activity, such as…

The Practice of Preventive medicine is often seen to be impractical due to its extremely high cost, which is then reported to be in the ten of thousands of dollars per quality adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. In retrospect, data from studies funded by industry interventions show that the median threshold for effectiveness is set at $32,678 per year of life gained, “ a value that in itself would cause little controversy” (1). However, some statistical reports seem to exceed this median, for…