Classical genetics

The heretical concept of antimicrobial resistance: In mid 1950 which is known to be one of the most significant year of Medical science when genetically transferred antibiotic resistance was identified in Japan and a theory has established on the basis of scientific data is that during Bacterial conjugation resistance genes or r genes are propagated from one strain to an entire population. Therefore Bacterial Genome evolution has started taking place as one of the major fields in Microbiology,…

Originally it was believed that all traits are blended together. Due to the work of Gregor Mendel, though, it was shown that characteristics are a result of inherited factors, known as genes1. Genes are units of heredity on a chromosome that bring about our existence and create diversity. This diversity arises from the fact that there are different forms of genes known as alleles. All the alleles of an organism are referred to as that organism’s genotype and results in an organism’s phenotype,…

Due to limited time constraints and having lab only once a week this lab was broken up into five periods, the last one specifically to go over the results. Day one consisted of extraction of plasmid DNA, which we used Resuspension Buffer to break up our pellet after removing the supernatant (liquid) after centrifuging our overnight culture. Then Lysis Buffer was used to break down the membrane of the cells so that we could then add Neutralization Buffer to bring our sample from basic to neutral…

•Explain what is involved with this biological issue Genetically modified organisms, also known as a transgenic organism, are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially altered in a laboratory using genetic engineering(GE) techniques. Every genes hold information that will give the organism a trait which is similar to phenotype. Genetic engineering technique involves the process of taking genes…

In philosophy, an often debated question involves whether or not the dead can be “wronged”. Slander is mostly agreed to be wrong, regardless of the character of the dead. However, could genetic testing have the same result? One great example is Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln fascinated physicians because of his remarkable stature (6’, 4”) which has been possibly linked to Marfan syndrome. Abraham Lincoln was unusually tall as a child and his extremities were disproportionately to his overall height;…

- Humans manipulate the genetic code in the DNA for a number of reasons - The first is to ensure the survivability of future generations of the human population and that they are healthy and benefit the population. Therefore, minimising the risk of passing on faulty alleles to future generations that causes genetically caused diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Having genetically cause diseases leads to a low life expectancy, increased health issues in the population which could be increased if…

process of altering an existing gene in the DNA and inserting it into cells in an organism to fix genetic disorders or diseases. In humans, gene therapy is the process in which some of the defect cells or the cells carrying the disease are removed from the body (eg. lung cells in a Cystic Fibrosis patient) in order to harvest their DNA. The base sequence of their DNA is then altered to remove the genetic disorder by deconstructing and reconstructing DNA through techniques such as PCR, ligation…

Mammal cloning is when a mature somatic cell is removed by researchers from an animal that they wish to produce with genetically the same information as the parents. The purpose is to produce a clone with the same genetic material as the individual from which the genetic material is taken from. They use different techniques for mammal cloning. The techniques used foe mammal cloning are embryo splitting and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Embryo splitting is used in sheep for effective traits…

Chapters 1 to 10 Overview A History of Genetics by A.H. Sturtevant provides a brief history of work prior to Mendel and the author’s firsthand account of the events and research that helped shape the field of genetics. Early on, various hypotheses were beginning to be formulated by scientists such as Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Darwin. These include pangenesis, hybridization, and human inheritance which provided Mendel with some ideas to develop his own understanding of heredity. Also, the…

Do we really have free will? I thought I knew, but I don’t know for sure anymore. A cursory look at our experiences lead us to believe that it seems our actions, words, and decisions just appear spontaneously, out of nowhere. So much so, in fact, that it sometimes seems to us that we are merely observing what comes out of our mouths, helplessly watching ourselves act, as if it were someone else. But isn’t this just a trick of perspective? An existential sleight of hand? Our conscious selves are…