Classical genetics

Menkes Syndrome and its Effects on the Human Body Menkes syndrome, also called Menkes Disease or MD, is a lethal genetic disorder that affects copper levels in the body which leads to a copper deficiency. Classical MD is the most intense form of this disease with occipital horn syndrome (OHS) being the mildest. Symptoms of Menkes syndrome can be mild or severe. Patients typically fail to meet developmental milestones and tend to have kinky brittle hair, are under weight and experience a…

Segmentation The GABC is the Genetic Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. The proposed algorithm is the implementation of ABC algorithm with the key concept of GA technique.The GABC is actually the hybrid approach of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm.In this method we extend Genetic Algorithm with Artificial Bee Colony operators i:e Employed Bees and Onlooker Bees to improve the solution space named as Genetic Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (GABCA). Genetic algorithms belong…

CHAPTER 4 PSO AND GA TECHNIQUE 4.1 Moth Flame Optimization In the proposed MFO algorithm, I assumed that the candidate solutions are moths and the problem’s variables are the position of moths in the space. Therefore, the moths can fly in 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, or hyper dimensional space with changing their position vectors. Since the MFO algorithm is a population-based algorithm. It should be noted here that moths and flames are both solutions. The difference between them is the way we treat and…

particular cancer type, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) is a type of B cell cancer that affects both men and women of various ages. HL can be divided into two classes: classical HL (cHL) and Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant HL (NLPHL) according to the WHO classification 2008 (Swerdlow et al., 2008). The classical HL accounts for 95% of all HL cases, and it has been further divided into 4 subtypes: Nodular sclerosis cHL, which is the most common phenotype (75% of cHL cases); Mixed…

have DNA. Plenty of research and experimentation went into solving the structure of DNA and the invention of paper chromatography allowed Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) to make a contribution in establishing the structure of DNA and how it transmitted genetic information. In 1950 he used paper chromatography to separate organic bases and measure the amount of each base in order to determine the ratio of the bases adenine-thymine (A-T) and cytosine-guanine (C-G) in DNA were constant and equal. This…

2.3.2 PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO) Particle Swarm Optimization [27] is a population-based stochastic optimization developed by Dr. Ebehart and Dr. Kennedy in 1995, inspired by social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling. In PSO, each single solution is a “bird” (particle) in the search space of food (the best solution). All particles have fitness values evaluated by the fitness function (the cost function for ELD problem), and have velocities that direct the “flying” (or evaluation)…

Introduction Evolution is the process in which organisms change from one generation to the next over a period of time. The Hardy-Weinberg equation is one of the most popular ways to determine if a certain trait within a population is changing. The Hardy-Weinberg equation provides a null-hypothesis to compare to the observation of the population. One can predict the outcome of the estimated amount of offspring in a population by using two alleles to determine which will be present in future…

dislocated joints and sunburns really easily. That’s what people with Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) get easy. EDS is a genetic disorder that affect the joints and skin. There are 6 different types of this disease, Classical type, Hypermobility type, Kyphoscoliosis type, Arthrochlasia type, and the Dermatosparaxis type. The mutations for this disease happens on these chromosomes, the Classical type is mostly on chromosome 9 or 2, the hypermobility type is on chromosome 6, the vascular type is…

mathematician, and Wilhem Weinberg, a physician in Germany, formulated a probability equation about the frequencies of genes that are inheritable within a gene pool. They analyzed that the frequencies of alleles. Hardy and Weinberg made an equation about genetic variance of a population at equilibrium. They postulated that allele or genes should be stable or equal with no disturbing factors. For a generation be able to remain constant and reach the equilibrium within generations, they postulated…

Title: Critical Analysis of a Psychological Concept Classical conditioning, a form of behaviorism, as defined in, Exploring Psychology in Modules by David G. Myers and C. Nathan Dewall, is “a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events” (248). In other words, classical conditioning is when two stimuli are paired repeatedly (first and second) and the response (leaving the classroom) that was once given by the second stimuli (being dismissed) is…