Class consciousness

Substance dualism is the perspective that both physical substance and mental substance make up the world and exist independently. This philosophy sees the mind and the body as two separate things. As a result, the mind cannot be explained in terms of the brain. Substance dualism can be explained by the separation of pure mind and pure matter. Reductive physicalism is different than substance dualism because they do not include nonphysical stuff. This perspective views the world as made only of…

Ambition is something everyone has. Your ambitions strives and makes you achieve your goals. However, too much ambition can corrupt and destroy a person. Ambition is like a drug, small amounts can make you feel great, but too much can kill you. Shakespeare clearly portrays the negative effects of too much ambition throughout his play The Tragedy of Macbeth. He uses the main character, Macbeth, to show us how excessive amounts of ambition can lead someone to their doom. In the beginning of…

Avicenna in his major work Kitab Al-Najat argues that the human soul is not material. He argues that the rational faculty, namely the soul, does not know through physical organ. In this sense, he can prove that the soul is not inhered in the material body, therefore indicating that the soul is immaterial. Avicenna argued in Kitab Al-Najat that “for there is no organ between the rational faculty and itself, nor does one intervene between it and its organ or between it and the fact that it knows”.…

In his article “The Naked Face,” Malcom Gladwell outlines Ekman’s psychological view of face reading. The well renowned psychologist believes that the face is the best evidence a person has to offer about their emotions because most facial expressions are not made consciously. The face can be unpacked by every separate expression that pertains to a universal meaning. On the other end of the spectrum, the semiotic view proposed by Wierzbicka’s sees the face as a network of signs. And while there…

Sometimes we see ourselves in front of the mirror and we ask “is that me?” Is that the reflection of myself or who is the image in front of me? Our mood depends on the ways we see ourselves or the way people perceive us. How our environment decides the way we see ourselves and sometimes we confront ourselves and we ask who is the real me and the answer is they are all real or there is not a real one. Twenty years ago I left my country with the idea to travel the world and and meet new or…

For Cowie, process of identification through fantasy is not a form of distortion but expressions of deep wishes. It is from two students of Jacques Lacan- Jean Laplanche and Jean-Bertrand Pontalis (Laplanche and Pontalis, 1986) that Cowie got the inspiration for her formulation on ‘fantasy’. Fantasies do not entail the subject to obtain the desired object but through imagination puts oneself in a situation, a scene where the subject can chart out the possibilities of pleasure. Cowie depends…

Many big countries such as Australia and England have protection rights against graffiti. They believe it is a crime rather than an art(Halsey-168). They have a stereotypical perspective that all graffiti artists are unemployed and come from lower class societies (Halsey-170). According to Mark Halsey, there are two forms of graffiti: graffiti as art and graffiti as vandalism. Graffiti as art is portrayed as a typical form of original…

The Brain’s Limitless Capacity One of humankind's biggest mysteries is from within: the mind. How did humans gain consciousness? How can humans perceive time? The mind is capable of greater endeavors than the menial tasks it performs every day. During the waking hours, the mind is constrained by the laws of reality. By night, our minds are free. In “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” by Ambrose Bierce, Peyton Peyton irrationally struggles for hope, moments before his execution. Peyton’s body is…

In “Mourning and Melancholia,” Sigmund Freud suggests that when an object of love is lost, the ego recreates an image of the loved one inside the self. This image, or “shadow,” is not fully integrated into the personality, thereby enabling the ego to split off. In this “ego splitting,” a part of the ego sits in judgment on the rest of the ego, criticizing it, attacking it. Suicide is the ultimate expression of this dynamic; because one cannot kill this person, one “kills” them by destroying the…

‘A human being is spirit. But what is the spirit? Spirit is the self. But what is the self? The self is a relation that relates itself to itself or is the relations relating itself to itself or is the relations relating itself to itself in the relation.’ (Kierkegaards, The Sickness Unto Death P.13) Throughout this essay we will discuss in depth Kierkegaards two deep understandings of ‘The Self and Despair’. The self is a means of trying to understand itself in the world today. This notion may…