Clandestine chemistry

Abstract In this paper CuO-NH-NH2 nanoparticle was synthesized and used to remove anionic dyes from single and binary systems. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nanoparticle. Direct Red 80 (DR80) and Direct Green 6 (DG6) were used as anionic dyes. The effect of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and pH on dye removal was evaluated. Kinetic…

Result and discussion: Substrate specificity The substrate specificity for the PPO is represented in table. The Km values for catechol, L-DOPA, L-tyrosine, and p-Cresol are 4.12 × 10-3, 16.4 × 10-3, 6.12 × 10-3, and 5.01 × 10-3, respectively. Catechol was the best suited substrate, having the lowest Km value and highest Vmax value when compared to other 3 substrates (Table 1). Table 1: Substrate specificity of PPO enzyme Substrates Specific activity (units mg-1 protein) Km (µM) Vmax (abs min-1)…

2. RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND TYPES OF BONDING. What are metals? 24% of our planet’s mass is metal. They are used as mainly because of their properties; metals are strong, ductile, have high melting points and are excellent conductors of electricity. Other properties of metals are given below: • Can be made stronger by alloys and heat treatment. • Easily machined. • Most of them are heavy. • Susceptible to corrosion. Metals can be divided into two; Ferrous and Non-ferrous. Ferrous…

INVESTIGATE AN ASPECT OF REDOX SYSTEM/REACTION Research Question: Does a higher voltage lead to more mass on graphite? INTRODUCTION Hypothesis: Higher voltage leads to more mass amassed on graphite electrode. Electrolysis- the process in which electric current passes through a solution to effect a chemical change. In this case there is copper, copper sulphate and graphite. In a electrolysis there is an electrolyte which is the copper sulphate, the anode which is the graphite. This is the…

Introduction The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. The ferric chloride test can be used to detect metabolites in urine in case of inborn error of metabolism such as phenylketonuria. In addition,the Ferric Chloride test can be used to detect salicylates in urine after an aspirin overdose.1 Background…

Our prior knowledge and mindset can define the way we approach new knowledge and experiences; we see what we believe, each letting our schemas have an affect on the conclusions that we draw from situations. Our perception of what occurs and the way we go about our motives are based off of a previous inclination or concept towards the situation we are preparing to encounter. This schema is useful in helping us organize and interpret information based off of our previous experiences or lessons,…

Research Question: How do different concentrations of nitric acid (measured in molars) with copper powder (grams) affect the rate of reaction (measured in seconds) measured using a stopwatch? Hypothesis: The copper powder placed in the most concentrated amount of nitric acid, measured in molar, will take the least amount of time, measured in seconds, to react compared to the amounts of copper powder in other less concentrated amounts of nitric acid. This is as if the concentration of nitric acid…

great deal of interest in the medicinal chemistry due to their potent biological activities and wide range of pharmaceutical applications [1-6]. Several publications recorded that some of benzosuberone derivatives possess antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcer and antitumor activities [1-6]. As an indication for the importance of the benzosuberone based compounds, more than 100 registered patents and hundreds of publications on the chemistry and the pharmaceutical…

In pursuit of our continued interest in the development of solvent-free and green synthetic procedures, we decided to explore the use of tartaric acid catalyst for synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines via Friedlander condensation in high to excellent yields at 70 °C under solvent-free conditions. Initially the reaction between 2-aminobenzophenone (1.0 mmol) and dimedone (1.0 mmol), as the model reaction was examined in the presence varying amount of tartaric acid as catalyst and the results…

Metal electrodeposition is the process of reduction reaction and crystallization of metal ions in an electrolytic cell according to the mechanism of electrolysis. Electrodeposition is one of the main methods for improving and enhancing the metal substrate property. Now, in order to overcome the defect of single electrodeposition with shortcomings of cracks, pores, pits, pocking and so on, the modern new techniques sprang up such as jet electrodeposition [1], ultrasonic vibration assisted…