Citric acid

process of aerobic metabolism includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (Pass My Exams, nd). Slide Three- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, or PDC, is an important part of the aerobic respiration process. It is a large multi-enzyme complex and one of the central enzymes for aerobic metabolism. The complex acts as a metabolic gateway between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and is one of the main enzymes for…

fructose 1 6-bisphosphate. The product pyruvate is transported from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membranes into the matrix, this process is activated by ADP and AMP. Most pyruvate formed is converted to Acetyl CoA which then enters the Citric Acid Cycle. The citric acid cycle (CAC) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix inside the double mitochondrial membrane. Within this process the acetyl groups are oxidized Thus producing CO2, energy NADH and…

process that produces much more energy. Aerobic glycolysis is coupled to the citric acid cycle. Anaerobic glycolysis allows the body to produce limited energy when you have low levels of oxygen in your system. When the oxygen supply in your body is abundant, it produces Acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, its main function is to transfer the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for the production of energy. Some people like to…

by breaking down nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids and proteins, which are all found in food. At the start of the race, anaerobic pathways are used to provide a quick source of energy. Most of this energy is derived from the catabolism of fats. Since lipids are more reduced than carbohydrates, they are capable of storing more energy per unit weight. Triacylglycerols are the lipids used for energy storage. They are comprised of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule.…

The hypothesis in the beginning of this experiment was that various carbohydrates have different rates of respiration by a yeast culture raised on glucose. The differences in time for respiration to peak for the other sugars were due to enzyme regulation called induction. This is the time required for the glucose fed yeast culture to alter its enzymatic machinery to process sugars other than glucose for oxidative respiration. The different rates of respiration for each sugar was measured by the…

properly. These steps are Glycolysis, Citric Acid or Krebs Cycle, and the electric transport state. These steps each have an important role in our cells respiration cycle. The first step in the cycle is called Glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol or cytoplasm of a cell. For Glycolysis to start it needs Glucose the main chemical in Glycolysis. At the start Glucose is put in and after the Glycolysis process takes place 2 molecules of pyruvic acid come out. Along with 2 ATP and 2…

oxidizing agent. The pyruvate is converted to one carbon dioxide and two acetyl CoA groups that are carried by coenzyme A. Electrons are transferred to NAD+ and then reduced to NADH + H+ during the oxidation phase of pyruvate. The purpose of lactic acid formation is to ensure that NAD+ is available so glycolysis can continue. To form lactate pyruvate must be reduced. The substrate NADH + H+ is then oxidized and NAD+ is the product. Form here lactate is formed. To form ethyl Alcohol, pyruvate…

Key concepts Chemistry Chemical reaction Acids Bases Water Introduction Have you ever had a refreshing bath with bubbles or bath salts? What if you could use chemistry to create a bath-time treat that incorporated both fizzing bubbles and soothing salts? Such a combination does exist, and it's called a bath bomb. If you have never experienced one, these "bombs" become fizzy when they touch the water. Why? It is due to a chemical reaction taking place between different ingredients within the…

Renae Hallinan is an elite netballer, playing for the Adelaide Thunderbirds in the ANZ Championship League and the Australian Diamonds in the World Championships. Renae is required to work at a fast pace with an extremely high level of skill, as considerable demands are placed upon her anaerobic energy systems, with aerobic fitness assisting in her recovery between bursts of play. Netball games consist of four 15 minute quarters. There is a 3 minute break between the first and second quarter and…

The laws of heredity discovered by G. Mendel are similar for all complex life creatures and he concluded that genes come in pairs one from each parent inherited as distinct units. Also, the mathematical patterns of inheritance as well as genes segregation and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits were determined during his genetic experiments with pea plants and outlined three laws oh inheritance. First, the Law of Dominance is expressed where one allele dominates…