Citric acid cycle

respiration is a series of metabolic reactions that take place in the mitochondria and produce chemical energy in the form of ATP by the breakdown of food molecules.There are three processes involved in cellular respiration; glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. During this processes, glucose is oxidized by a series of redox reactions and its electrons and hydrogen ions are donated to two electron carriers called NAD+ and FAD. The electron carriers transport the…

[2]. The cyanohydrins and their derivatives are finding wide applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and cosmetics since these can be readily converted into other important molecules like α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy ketones and β-amino acids [3]. The HNLs have been reported, purified and characterized from several plants e.g. almond (Prunus amygdalus), flax (Linum usitatissimum), cherry (Prunus serotina), peach (Prunus persica), capulin (Prunus capuli), rosary…

Introduction Subcellular fractionation is when the cellular components separate due to ascending centrifugation speeds. Different cellular components can be separated by densities to form a pellet or supernatant after each centrifugation. This process is used to separate nuclei and mitochondria. Nuclei is a very dense organelle in the center of the cell coordinating the cell’s actions: growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, reproduction. The nuclei also will pellet after the 1st low speed of the…

Touch football is a physically demanding sport requiring the extensive use of many systems of the body. It is important for an athlete to properly train and develop these energy systems to perform to their highest potential. I have constructed a training program in order to develop upon my two weakest areas, muscular power and the combination of speed and agility. The average to poor results I received during fitness testing reflected my performance in the vertical jump test, 40m sprint, and the…

Cellular respiration is “the catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP” (Campbell G-6). The chemical equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy. During that multi-step process, organic molecules are oxidized and catabolized down to carbon dioxide. The energy that is released during this breakdown is captured by the electron carriers, which is any of various…

Methods Each trial consisted of isolating the hearts of two mice, aged anywhere between 8-15 weeks, with the strain FVB/NJ of the Mus genus. Eight trials were conducted throughout the duration of the experiment. No female mice were used for any of the trials because because the research in the lab concentrates on males, due to known differences in protein expression among the two sexes. The effect of the VU591 drug on mitochondrial KATP function in wildtype mice was measured by calculating the…

Cell respiration is affected when the heart stops. Cells are using up ATP. Therefore, carbon dioxide is building up in the cells and the PH levels cannot balance themselves. Glucose is needed to start glycolysis. Glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions that produces ATP from the glucose. Oxygen is needed for the mitochondria. The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of cells. Carbon dioxide is not being released. The cells begin to die and the transport pump then stops working.…

effects of inhibitors and other variables on the rate of metabolism in the Krebs Cycle. Inhibitors compete with the substrate to bind to the enzyme, thus slowing down the production of FADH2. When the production of FADH2 is slowed down, the reaction will proceed too slowly for metabolic purposes. In this lab, the enzyme that was catalyzing the reaction was the bean extract. To mimic the FAD that is used in the Krebs cycle, we used 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DPIP). When DPIP is chemically…

In mammals, many functions of the body are made possible with the help of ATP. ATP is made is bulk in the mitochondria, thus, the body relies heavily on the mitochondria’s supply of ATP to make life possible (McCormack, 523). Regulation of this process, by default, is important as well. The body regulates the oxidative metabolism through placing in the regulator sites, that can increase or decrease the production of ATP through changing the concentration of (McCormack, 523). The…

To maintain its many chemical and physical activities, the body needs energy. All earth’s energy comes from the sun. Plants use solar energy to perform chemical reactions to form carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Humans consume plants and other animals to obtain energy. The body then uses three pathways to supply energy to the body during cellular activities. ATP/CP energy pathway, glycolytic pathway, and oxidative pathway. The ATP/CP energy pathway provide anaerobic (requires no…