Citric acid cycle

by breaking down nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids and proteins, which are all found in food. At the start of the race, anaerobic pathways are used to provide a quick source of energy. Most of this energy is derived from the catabolism of fats. Since lipids are more reduced than carbohydrates, they are capable of storing more energy per unit weight. Triacylglycerols are the lipids used for energy storage. They are comprised of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule.…

to function. Cellular respiration is a specific set of metabolic relations that occur in cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy as ATP and release products. The reactions of cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain (ETC). The pathways are either aerobic meaning they need oxygen to occur or anaerobic meaning they don’t need oxygen to occur. Glucose is a simple sugar that is used as an energy source for many living organisms. The…

process that produces much more energy. Aerobic glycolysis is coupled to the citric acid cycle. Anaerobic glycolysis allows the body to produce limited energy when you have low levels of oxygen in your system. When the oxygen supply in your body is abundant, it produces Acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, its main function is to transfer the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for the production of energy. Some people like to…

The hypothesis in the beginning of this experiment was that various carbohydrates have different rates of respiration by a yeast culture raised on glucose. The differences in time for respiration to peak for the other sugars were due to enzyme regulation called induction. This is the time required for the glucose fed yeast culture to alter its enzymatic machinery to process sugars other than glucose for oxidative respiration. The different rates of respiration for each sugar was measured by the…

Renae Hallinan is an elite netballer, playing for the Adelaide Thunderbirds in the ANZ Championship League and the Australian Diamonds in the World Championships. Renae is required to work at a fast pace with an extremely high level of skill, as considerable demands are placed upon her anaerobic energy systems, with aerobic fitness assisting in her recovery between bursts of play. Netball games consist of four 15 minute quarters. There is a 3 minute break between the first and second quarter and…

The laws of heredity discovered by G. Mendel are similar for all complex life creatures and he concluded that genes come in pairs one from each parent inherited as distinct units. Also, the mathematical patterns of inheritance as well as genes segregation and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits were determined during his genetic experiments with pea plants and outlined three laws oh inheritance. First, the Law of Dominance is expressed where one allele dominates…

Fermentation. In the absence of Oxygen in order to keep Glycolysis going it will need NAD+, so fermentation frees up an NADH. The Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain are both aerobic processes that require oxygen.Unlike glycolysis, the Krebs cycle does not take place in the cytoplasm instead it occurs within the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The Krebs Cycle uses the Glycolysis byproducts, pyruvates, to create 2 ATPS per glucose molecule plus some energy. First one of the pyruvate…

eukaryote that are both aerobic and photosynthetic. Because of this, they contain mitochondria that serve a vital role in aerobic respiration that follows photosynthesis. The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme associated with the Citric Acid Cycle that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. SDH serves as a catalyst for a reaction in which succinate and FAD become fumarate and FADH2. The SDH-FADH2 complex then reduces Ubiquinone in the electron transport chain. SDH can be…

During this process, an amino acid from an amino groups is transferred to an alpha ketoglutarate molecule in the liver, creating an alpha keto acid molecule and an additional amino acid. The alpha keto acid molecule can be converted into glycogen or glucose in the liver, which can be metabolized to create energy the body can use later in the processes as discussed above, where the alpha ketoglutarate molecule is the third component in the Krebs Cycle so the molecule can be directly imported…

influence of immobilization on the production of extracellular biocellulose by G. xylinus. The optimized medium used throughout this expermint was composed of (g/l): reducing sugar, 30; yeast extract, 7; peptone, 7; dibasic sodium phosphate, 7.2; citric acid, 0.2, pH 6.5, under static condition within incubation period of 15 days. 4.6.1. Effect of entrapping cells with different gel materials on the production of extracellular biocellulose Different gel materials…