Cingulate cortex

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the capacity for representational memory, one part of the development of delayed response, and it depends on the maturation of the frontal cortex. Trauma victims, particularly children, usually have difficulty with those functions (van der Kolk, 2003). Excessive subcortical activation with decreased cortical inhibition combines to leave vulnerability in regards to the nature of incoming information. As children must develop ‘object permanence’ to modulate…

Neonatal Developing brain parcellated atlases Gilmore et. al. parcellated the brain of 74 neonates using anatomical expertise into 38 ROIs for the purpose of studying the gray matter growth and the asymmetry in the neonatal brain (131). In this study, the individual parcellation maps are used for comparison between individual brains. Gousias et. al designed a delineation protocol to manually parcellate the brains of 20 preterm and term neonates into 50 ROIs (132) based on macro-anatomical…

revealed a link between chronic 1-AR activation and reduced anxiety. Schizophrenia is associated with symptoms of psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, and various other symptoms. This disease has been correlated with dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Antipsychotic drugs, which are treatments for schizophrenia, are 1-AR antagonists. In Arsten’s study of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, activation of secondary messenger, PKC, eventually led to PFC impairment. Conversely, the…

common endocrine disorder is known as adrenal insufficiency. This is where the adrenal gland releases too little of cortisol or aldosterone. Addison’s disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms likely include fatigue, upset stomach, dehydration, and skin changes. Cushing’s Disease is another endocrine issue. It is caused by an overactive adrenal gland. Some symptoms include obesity and increased thirst. It is common in children who take corticosteroids. Hyperthyroidism is another…

The suggestion of emotional perception having a mutual relationship implies that the ventral system is significant in the recognition of emotion of environmental stimuli and their states, while the dorsal system assimilate with the emotional influence and their performance of executive functions. (Ceylan & Saym, 2012) The resulting emotional response from the limbic region transmits to the thalamus by which it defines the incoming information through the sense organs. According to Ceylan and…

Introduction A significant part of one's life is dedicated to communicating with others or in understanding how to do so. An impairment in this ability has dire consequences on the quality of life. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the child’s brain is under development which primarily affects body movement and muscle coordination. There are also dire effects on communication skills which might add to the…

Complications of Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy complications are attributed to the neural impairments that characterize the condition. The impairment in the oral-motor function in cerebral palsy can result in difficulties in feeding due to impaired swallowing, coordination of the muscles in the mouth and oropharyngeal dysfunction can contribute to malnutrition in patients with cerebral palsy. Difficulties in controlling saliva, gastroesophageal reflux can result in aspiration, development of…

A Brief overview of Cerebral Palsy and how it can be classified Cerebral Palsy or CP, is a neurological disability that affects movement, coordination and posture. ‘Cerebral’ refers to the brain and ‘palsy’ refers to a lack of muscle control. CP is a permanent life-long condition caused by damage to the developing brain either during pregnancy, shortly after birth or during a child’s first year of life. CP can affect people in very different ways including their movement, muscle control,…

A lot of people want to blame the parents of the offenders, asking “what did you turn your child into?” 36% of serial killers were physically abused, 26% were sexually abused, and 50% were psychologically abused (Mitchell and Aamodt 45). Many people have logically come to the conclusion that just because someone is abused, it does not mean that they will become a serial killer; or even a murderer; which is true. In the general population (people who have never committed murder) only 6% are…

multitasking is here to stay, there are a couple suggestions on how to be able to manage multitasking and use of technology. One of the ways is to work on a single task before moving on. The reason being, when we are assigned a task, the prefrontal cortex of the brain takes control and assigns different parts of the brain to handle them, (Shao & Shao, 2012,p.77). By being focused on one, we ensure the fact that task will get completed. Think of a To Do List. How many times did it seem like…