Cingulate cortex

Alien Hand Syndrome is a neurological disorder in which a person cannot control their hand motion, of which usually occurs in one hand. Usually, the afflicted hand attempts to reach for an object against the will of the person, often restraining the afflicted hand with their own controlled hand. This syndrome usually occurs after a surgery that separates the two hemispheres of the brain. It also has been observed to occur after brain surgery, stroke, infection, tumor, aneurysms, as well as other…

When women are pregnant and live in an abusive situation, that abuse not only affects her but her unborn child. They are considerably more likely to experience negative pregnancy outcomes including, maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality than women who are not abused. Additionally, fetal injury such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small size for gestational age are seen more frequently among these women. Pregnant women are at more than double the risk of going into labor early than…

implantation of Cannulae, mice were anesthetized with 1.0-1.5% isoflurane and secured in a Kopf stereotaxic apparatus. Bilateral stainless steel guide Cannulae (26G, Plastics One) were targeted for placement 1.0 mm above the center of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) (AP: +1.5 mm relative to bregma; ML: ±0.4 mm; DV: −0.5 mm from the surface of the skull) or 1.0 mm above the center of the prelimbic subdivision (PL) (AP: +1.7 mm relative to bregma; ML: ±0.4 mm; DV: −1.5 mm from the surface of…

learning from errors in cannabis users: Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus hypoactivity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 175-182. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.671 The purpose of this article is to educate readers about the effects of chronically using cannabis. It explains that cannabis has been associated with errors in dysfunction in the human body. One type of error is hyperactivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC). Researchers conducted a study to see if…

Overview of the Monoaminergic Antidepressants A brief summary of the specific types of monoaminergic antidepressants will follow as it is important to note previous treatments of depression. Tricyclic antidepressants manipulate serotonin, and norepinephrine pathways through reuptake inhibition. These antidepressants are characterized by low levels of tolerability, and are rarely prescribed. Monoamine oxidase a inhibitors (MAOIs) increase synaptic monoamine availability. The issues of MAOIs…

like an impracticable clause. However, “Positron emission tomographic studies demonstrated that psilocybin produces a global increase in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, most markedly in the frontomedial and frontolateral cortex, anterior cingulate, and temporomedial cortex. These changes were correlated with measures of psychological state and consistent with potential neurobiological substrates of major mental illnesses (JAMA).” As an agonist, psilocin can mimic the presence and neuronal…

Background and Significance What is Social Anxiety Disorder? Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is one of the most common health disorder after depression and substance abuse and affects about 10 million Americans. This phobia is an anxiety disorder and individuals with this disorder experience intense distress in public settings. These individuals experience high levels of panic in seemingly “normal” social situations1. These social situations include public speaking,…

Piper 1 Piper 6 Piper 3 The Causes of Criminal Behavior Sometimes when I was a kid, my mom would watch ?Criminal Minds? when I was in the room. Of course, my young mind did not quite understand what was going on but it still fascinated me. It fascinated me because in the show, they focused on the criminal instead of the crime itself. Years later, my mother gave me a book detailing the Jack the Ripper case and I was hooked immediately. Within the book, they proposed ideas of what might…

Nervous System (CNS) and causes it to slowly affect the rest of the organ systems ("Alzheimer 's Disease Fact Sheet | National Institute on Aging” 3). In mild Alzheimer’s, one of the first two regions of the brain to be affected is the Entorhinal Cortex (EC) which holds the understanding of long-term memory (Puthiyedth et al. 4). Therefore, when it is damaged by Alzheimer 's, patients experience a larger amount of memory loss. The second region to be affected is the Hippocampus (HIP) located in…

McPherson, F., McGraw, L. (2013). Treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 19(5), 45-50. Fujo McPherson and Leigh McGraw used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study utilizing (CAM) or complementary and alternative medicine to investigate the effectiveness of a pilot program for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients after using self-care behavior methods. They particularly related this belief…