Cingulate cortex

still being made in this realm of disorders. In the coming years, it is to be expected that more genetic related studies will help us understand the nature versus nurture link. We may also see more gene regulating developmental process in prefrontal cortex as well as in other brain areas (Xiao et al., 2014). Animal models will also be crucial in this research so that we can easily see the development of certain types of mutations and how they present (Xiao et al.,…

Memory is a process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. It is the total sum of who we are and what we know. It is also absolutely crucial in everything we do and affects how well we do it. A large variety of studies have already been conducted on memory and show that there are different types of memory. In their study, Luo and Craik (2008) looked at the effects of age on memory and found that aging contributes to increasing difficulty to complete complex memory tasks. There’s a…

internet? And How do they affect our brains? My answer for this is according to Gary Small 's research is that when he went back and re did the research with the same people, the ones who showed barely any activity in their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,…

it (Chudler, 2015). In the anterior cingulate cortex, the front part of the cingulate cortex, the Stroop Effect causes the frontal lobe to become activated while the task is being performed. Two areas known as the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are activated, which are obligated to monitor conflict and resolution. As subjects performing the task grow comfortable with the test, the activity in the anterior cingulate cortex is subsided (Cheour,…

enhanced availability of information normally repressed by these systems (Vollenweider 1998). Changes in perception result from disconnected oscillatory activity of the thalamocortical circuits. This causes activity in the thalamocortical systems. The Activation of excitatory cortical neurons with serotonin 2A receptors alters the normal rhythmic oscillations of cortical neurons, resulting in a decoupling between cells, and a disorganization of cortical activity (Carhart-Harris et al., 2014a).…

The limbic system, which involves the frontal lobe, deals with memory and emotion. Parts of the limbic system include the amygdala and the cingulate. The amygdala contains key brain nuclei for processing fear and stimulating the appropriate response to fear. The cingulate allows people to shift between thoughts and express emotions. And another affected part of the brain is the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is involved in motor control which can help…

process behind those actions and inactions humans do. There are four different areas that control our brains and the way we think about brains. The four regions are the Amygdala Prefrontal cortex (PFC), Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the Hippocampus. The impulses and signals sent throughout the…

the rounded rim of the cortex which also has the cingulate and the parahippocampalgyri. However, its supposed role in emotion was elaborated by the American physician, James Papez in 1937 in the influential paper titled ‘A proposed mechanism of emotion’. This anatomical model is called the Papez circuit.[2] In the year of 1948 scientist Yakovlev proposed Yakovlev's circuit in the command of emotions involving the anterior, insular, , temporal , orbitofrontal and lobe cortex, the dorsomedial…

The frontal eye field, also referred to as FEF, is a region of the brain located in the prefrontal cortex. The FEF is responsible for preparing and controlling eye movements through different pathways as well as visual perception and awareness. The electrical stimulations occurring in this area is able to trigger eye movements. It was first discovered by scientist Dave Ferrier in the 1870’s when he found that electric stimulation of this part of the brain produced movement in the eyes and head…

a) Medial prefrontal cortex: the mPFC is divided into three subregions, which have differential control over HPA axis. The prelimbic (PrL) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) provides negative feedback to HPA axis and thereby reduces the stress-induced activation of HPA axis. The PrL and ACC reduces the duration of secretion without altering the peak of secretions and thus help in response termination. The lesion of mPFC consisting prelimbic cortex have known to produced enhanced cfos expression…