Chronic toxicity

clinical effect of a given drug due to interference by another drug, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [7]. DDIs may result in adverse clinical events, by decreasing the therapeutic effect of a drug or by enhancing drug toxicity [8]. Combined drug intoxication is an unnatural cause of human death, and is often confused with drug overdose, but it is a completely different phenomenon. It…

US found 1909 to early 1980 there was no reliable Zn food supply (Gibson, 2012). According to the Briefel, Bialostosky, Kennedy-Stephenson, McDowell, & Wright, US population has inadequate intake of zinc is high. Inadequate intake can lead to the chronic health issue. They recommended the oral reference dose (RDA) which developed by the toxicologists as principles for safe consumption 21 mg/day. Pregnant women should take 6 mg higher levels than RDA. Adequate nutrition is necessary…

biochemical and haematological parameters and histopathological examinations were performed to study the toxicity and mortality levels of the swertiamarin. It was found to be very safe up to 2000mg/kg body weight by acute toxicity model study as per the OECD guidelines 423. No toxicity or mortality was observed in any of the drug dosages ranging from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg in sub chronic toxicity studies. Hence these observations resulted in fixing the effective dosage for swertiamarin to be…

elevation of MCV in the CBC is seen in all drugs that interfere with DNA synthesis and is common in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Rising MCV can be used in RA as a marker of impending methotrexate toxicity. Folate supplementation can be used to mitigate the effects of methotrexate…

In the evaluation of serotonin toxicity or serotonin syndrome, the most commonly used and more recent criteria is the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria. In comparison to its predecessor, Sternbach’s criteria, Hunter’s Criteria is used due to its simplicity, sensitivity and specificity, and the use of well-defined clinical manifestations including clonus, tremor, and hyperthermia. This report describes a case of serotonin toxicity triggered by an increasing dose of tramadol with concurrent…

The Critical Noncarcinogenic effect of acrylamide is classified as “Degenerative Nerve Changes”. This means that chronic ingestion of acrylamide resulted in an observable damaging of the central and peripheral nervous system, thus classifying it as a neurotoxin. This conclusion was determined after the results of two separate chronic (2year) drinking water studies performed on lab rats. (Friedman et al., 1995, 224307; Johnson et 14 al., 1986, 061340). The doseresponse data for acrylamide was…

frequently. The physiological effects of lead can be seen soon after exposure. The uptake of lead in the body is influenced by many factors including presence or absence of other metals in the body. It has been suggested that the progression of lead toxicity in the body is due to its ability to be substitute itself in place of other divalent cations disrupting the function of…

from their own article, Reported Aspartame Toxicity Effects, that aspartame has different versions of toxicity effects and poisoning. There are three types of aspartame toxicity “1) Acute toxicity reactions occurring within 48 hours of ingestion of an aspartame-containing product. 2) Chronic toxicity effects occurring anywhere from several days of use to appearing a number of years (i.e., 1-20+ years) after the beginning of aspartame use. 3) Potential toxicity effects that would be nearly…

neurofilament (NF) are reported to be associated with arsenite toxicity. It also upregulate vacuolated axons, especially those are present in the corpus-callosum region [31]. Oxidative stress associated neurodegeneration have been reported as the result of arsenic toxicity [32]. This is evident in our present investigation. Since, cerebral and cerebellar DNA is found to be less interfered by arsenic so the arsenic-induced toxicities are mostly attributable at the cellular level in the current…

Repellent-Treated Clothing Permethrin is the agent of choice for these products. This is a man-made synthetic pyrethroid, a class of insecticides derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Arthropod toxicity is exerted by sodium channel antagonism with, interestingly, strength of effect inversely correlated with temperature. Cold-blooded animals, in general, and fish, in particular, are unusually sensitive to these effects, while humans exposure is generally considered safe. Exposed mosquitoes…