Chronic toxicity

Asthma is most commonly known as being a chronic condition in the US that has been known to having an effect in people young and old. It is a condition in which the airway passages are narrowed leading to symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough (Bijanzadeh, Mahesh, Nallur 1). In today's world there seem to be many factors that could increase the risk of children developing asthma. Those factors may include genetic predisposition, environment interaction, prenatal…

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can quite often not even have symptoms. Showing early signs of symptoms usually ranges between 20 and 50 years old. However when they arise many symptoms regarding the lungs may include, shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic bronchitis and recurring chest colds. Symptoms in the liver may include unexplained liver disease, elevated liver enzymes, eyes and skin turning yellow, swelling of the abdomen or legs and vomiting blood. If diagnosed with disease, there is no…

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive disease that makes breathing difficult. When having this disease, lung damage is produced. The disease worsens over time, although it is not treated, it can be slowed down. This is mainly caused by smoking, chemical fume, dust, and air pollution. Although there are many causes to this disease, smoking is the most common. It happens to over 12 million Americans and the risk factors can be environmental or genetics. COPD is largely preventable…

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. It's caused by smoking cigarettes or long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter. Your lungs are directly affected by COPD, because air travels down your trachea and into your lungs through the bronchi. The bronchi are divided into many smaller tubes or bronchioles that end in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli. Your lungs rely on the natural…

The patient George is 76 year old who has the subjective complaints of frequent nosebleeds, ecchymosis, runny nose, and cough. His history reveal atrial fibrillation. He is taking medications that include digoxin, warfarin, cimetidine, and pseudoephedrine. There are four problems identified for the patient. First, based on this complaints of frequent nosebleeds, it is noted that the patient is taking cimetidine and warfarin. There is an interaction with his cimetidine and warfarin. This is a…

Background: Asthma is an international health problem of epidemic proportions that affects around 300 million people worldwide with an estimated 250,000 annual deaths. It is the most common chronic childhood disease, and affects 10% of children in the United States (1). The economic burden of the chronic effects of asthma in the United States is estimated to be over $50 billion per year (2). The hallmark of asthma is hyperresponsiveness of the airway smooth muscle and fluctuating levels of…

Thank you for involving me in the care of Silvana Libratore, a 67-year-old lady who is a lifelong non-smoker and has previously worked in an office environment. Silvana keeps no pets. As you are aware, Silvana was initially admitted to The Northern Hospital between the 23rd and 28th of July following a two-week history of cough and breathlessness. A chest x-ray followed by a CTPA study were unremarkable and inflammatory markers were normal. A provisional diagnosis of viral bronchitis…

COPD is a chronic pulmonary disease that affect millions of americans with many new cases diagnosed every day.(National heart,lung and blood institute). COPD commonly refers to two seperate types of illnesses, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This paper will focus on the emphysema side of the illness. COPD is develops slowly, often from cigarette abuse in particular. COPD is a major cause of disability and currently there is no cure available, many people have the disease and do not evene know…

i. Chest x-rays can detect changes in the density of the lungs, more specifically the lower lobes (Christensen & Krockow, 2011, p.1641). Bronchoscopy is particularly useful in pneumonia when aspiration of a foreign objet or food is suspected. A culture and sensitivity test is used to determine the causative bacteria and to specify which antibiotic would be the best to be used. Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygenation status. ii. GERD is diagnosed mostly from signs sand symptoms. The gold…

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome The patient in this case study had an onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome brought on by trauma. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease state characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli, making it difficult to oxygenate (MedlinePlus.gov). It is a life-threatening lung condition. The new definition and severity of ARDS are defined as PaO2/ FiO2 with a PEEP of 5+ (200-200) = mild, (100-200) = moderate, (<100) = severe…